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Shloka 9

Arjuna’s request to Krishna and the opening of the Kāśyapa–Brāhmaṇa mokṣa discourse (Āśvamedhika-parva 16)

वायुदेव उवाच श्रावितस्त्वं मया गुह्ूं ज्ञापितश्न॒ सनातनम्‌ | धर्म स्वरूपिणं पार्थ सर्वलोकांश्व शाश्वतान्‌

vāyudeva uvāca | śrāvitastvaṁ mayā guhyaṁ jñāpitaś ca sanātanam | dharma-svarūpiṇaṁ pārtha sarva-lokāṁś ca śāśvatān |

Vāyudeva nói: “Hỡi Pārtha, thuở trước ta đã khiến ngươi được nghe giáo huấn tối mật, lại làm cho ngươi hiểu chân lý vĩnh cửu—Sanātana, Thực tại Tối thượng vốn chính là hình thể của Dharma. Ta cũng đã thuật cho ngươi về các cõi thường hằng. Thế nhưng vì ngươi thiếu sự phân biệt nên không giữ được lời dạy ấy; điều đó khiến ta vô cùng bất mãn. Nay xem ra không thể nào nhớ lại trọn vẹn những điều ấy nữa.”

वायुदेवःVāyu-deva (the Wind-god)
वायुदेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायुदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
श्रावितःmade to hear; caused to be heard (taught orally)
श्रावितः:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रावित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive, ṇic + kta (causative past passive participle)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
गुह्यम्secret, confidential (teaching)
गुह्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगुह्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञापितःmade known; informed (taught)
ज्ञापितः:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञापित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive, ṇic + kta (causative past passive participle)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सनातनम्eternal, primeval
सनातनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धर्मस्वरूपिणम्having dharma as (one’s) very nature
धर्मस्वरूपिणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मस्वरूपिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पार्थO Pārtha (Arjuna)
पार्थ:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सर्वलोकान्all worlds
सर्वलोकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शाश्वतान्eternal, everlasting
शाश्वतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशाश्वत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
S
Sanātana (eternal principle)
D
Dharma
S
Sarvaloka (all worlds/realms)

Educational Q&A

The verse stresses the transmission of a confidential, eternal dharma-centered truth (sanātana-tattva) and the moral responsibility of the listener to retain and live by it; forgetfulness born of poor discernment is portrayed as a serious failing.

Vāyudeva addresses Arjuna, reminding him that he had previously been taught secret, eternal knowledge and even the description of the everlasting worlds, but Arjuna failed to remember it; Vāyudeva expresses displeasure and doubts that full recollection is now possible.