Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 49

Vyāsa’s Inquiry into Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Tapas and the Identification of Vidura with Dharma

जनन्या समुपाघ्राता: परिष्वक्ताश्न ते नृपम्‌ । चक्कुः प्रदक्षिणं सर्वे वत्सा इव निवारणे

jananyā samupāghrātāḥ pariṣvaktāś ca te nṛpam | cakṣuḥ pradakṣiṇaṃ sarve vatsā iva nivāraṇe ||

Yudhiṣṭhira nói: “Những người đàn bà ấy tiến lại gần, âu yếm ngửi mái đầu của mẹ mình rồi ôm lấy bà; sau đó tất cả đều đưa mắt nhìn về phía ngài với lòng tôn kính, hỡi Đại vương—như những bê con đi vòng quanh mẹ trong chuồng bò.”

जनन्याby the mother
जनन्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजननी
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
समुपाघ्राताःhaving been smelled/sniffed (affectionately)
समुपाघ्राताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-उप-आ-घ्रा (धातु: घ्रा)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
परिष्वक्ताःhaving been embraced
परिष्वक्ताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-स्वज् (धातु: स्वज्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
अश्नतेthey eat / partake
अश्नते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअश्
FormPresent, Lat, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
नृपम्the king
नृपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चक्रुःthey did / they made
चक्रुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPerfect, Lit, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
प्रदक्षिणम्circumambulation (keeping to the right)
प्रदक्षिणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रदक्षिण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वत्साःcalves / young ones
वत्साः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवत्स
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
निवारणेin (the act of) restraining/holding back
निवारणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिवारण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

युधिष्ठिर (Yudhiṣṭhira)
नृप (the king)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharmic tenderness and social ethics: affection and reverence are expressed through intimate gestures (smelling, embracing) and respectful attention toward rightful authority, portraying care, humility, and relational duty as virtues.

Yudhiṣṭhira describes a scene where people—especially women—approach their mother figure with affection, embrace her, and then look respectfully toward the king, compared to calves gathering around their mother in an enclosure.