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Shloka 12

Brāhmaṇa-vandana: Criteria for Veneration, Disciplined Speech, and Protective Kingship (अनुशासनपर्व, अध्याय ८)

युधिष्ठिर! संग्राममें युद्ध करना सहज है। परंतु दोषदृष्टिसे रहित होकर दान देना सहज नहीं है। संसारमें सैकड़ों शूरवीर हैं; परंतु उनकी गणना करते समय जो उनमें दानशूर हो, वही सबसे श्रेष्ठ माना जाता है ।।

yudhiṣṭhira! saṅgrāme yuddhaṁ kartum sahajaṁ hi; kintu doṣa-dṛṣṭi-rahitaḥ san dānaṁ dātum na sahajaṁ. loke śataśaḥ śūrāḥ santi; teṣāṁ gaṇanāyāṁ tu yaḥ dānaśūraḥ sa eva śreṣṭhaḥ manyate. dhanyaḥ syām yady ahaṁ bhūyaḥ, saumya, brāhmaṇo 'pi vā; kule jāto dharmagatis tapo-vidyā-parāyaṇaḥ.

Bhīṣma nói: “Yudhiṣṭhira, giao chiến nơi chiến trường thì dễ. Nhưng bố thí với tâm không soi lỗi, không khinh miệt thì chẳng dễ. Trên đời có hàng trăm anh hùng; song khi kể đến các anh hùng, chỉ người anh hùng trong việc cho đi mới được xem là bậc tối thượng. Ta sẽ tự cho mình thật có phúc, hỡi người hiền, nếu được sinh lại dù chỉ làm một Bà-la-môn—sinh trong dòng dõi cao quý, đi theo con đường dharma, chuyên cần khổ hạnh và tận tụy với học vấn.”

धन्यःblessed/fortunate
धन्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्याम्I would be
स्याम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (भू)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूयःagain; moreover
भूयः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूयस्
सौम्यO gentle one
सौम्य:
TypeNoun (vocative used as address)/Adjective
Rootसौम्य
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ब्राह्मणकःa (certain) brahmin
ब्राह्मणकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven; also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
कुलेin a family
कुले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
जातःborn
जातः:
Karta
TypeVerb (past participle used adjectivally)
Rootजन् (जात)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मगतिःone whose course is dharma; righteous-minded
धर्मगतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मगति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तपोविद्यापरायणःdevoted to austerity and learning
तपोविद्यापरायणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतपोविद्यापरायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सौम्यO gentle one
सौम्य:
TypeNoun (vocative used as address)/Adjective
Rootसौम्य
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

भीष्म (Bhīṣma)
युधिष्ठिर (Yudhiṣṭhira)
ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma elevates generosity above martial valor: fighting may be easy, but giving without a fault-finding, contemptuous mindset is rare. True excellence among ‘heroes’ is the heroism of charity—dāna performed with inner purity and respect.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma addresses Yudhishthira and contrasts battlefield heroism with ethical heroism. He praises the ‘dānaśūra’ as foremost and expresses that being reborn as a brahmin devoted to dharma, austerity, and learning would be a blessed state.