Shloka 35

Adhyāya 57: Tapas–Dāna Phala

On the Fruits of Austerity and Giving

Devanagari script

राजन्‌ सम्यग्‌ जितानीह पञड्च पज्च स्वयं त्वया

Transliteration

rājan samyag jitānīha pañca pañca svayaṃ tvayā

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Tâu Đại vương, tại đây ngài đã tự sức mình mà chinh phục một cách đúng đắn và trọn vẹn ‘năm và năm’.”

Word by Word

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• सम्यक्: properly, completely
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्यक्

• जितानि: conquered, won
• जितानि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जित
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• इह: here, in this world
• इह: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• पञ्च: five
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्च
• Form: Indeclinable (numeral), Nominative/Accusative (used as numeral), Plural (value)

• पञ्च: five
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्च
• Form: Indeclinable (numeral), Nominative/Accusative (used as numeral), Plural (value)

• स्वयम्: by oneself, personally
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वयम्

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: Masculine/Feminine (personal pronoun), Instrumental, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• the King (rājan; addressed person)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True ethical strength is self-conquest: a ruler is praised not merely for external victories but for mastering inner forces—commonly understood as the paired pentads (such as the senses and their objects), achieved through one’s own disciplined effort.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīṣma, instructing the king in dharma, commends him for having properly subdued key sets of temptations or faculties—framing kingship as grounded in inner restraint and personal responsibility.