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Shloka 19

Adhyāya 39 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s inquiry on attachment (saṅga) and relational restraint

भीष्म उवाच श्रुत्वैतद्‌ वचन शक्रो दानवेन्द्रमुखाच्च्युतम्‌ । द्विजान्‌ सम्पूजयामास महेन्द्रत्वमवाप च

bhīṣma uvāca śrutvaitad vacanaṃ śakro dānavendramukhāccyutam | dvijān sampūjayāmāsa mahendratvam avāpa ca ||

Bhishma nói: Hỡi Bharata, nghe những lời ấy phát ra từ miệng chúa tể Dānava (Śambara), Śakra (Indra) đã tôn kính các Bà-la-môn; và nhờ hành động ấy, ngài đạt đến địa vị Mahendra. Đoạn này nhấn mạnh rằng lòng tôn kính đối với bậc học giả và người chính trực là nguyên nhân trực tiếp đưa đến quyền uy tột bậc và phúc lộc mang tính thần linh.

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormAbsolutive (ktvā), Active
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वचनम्speech, statement
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शक्रःShakra (Indra)
शक्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशक्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दानवेन्द्रमुखात्from the mouth of the lord of Danavas
दानवेन्द्रमुखात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदानवेन्द्रमुख
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
च्युतम्uttered, fallen forth (spoken)
च्युतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootच्युत
FormPast passive participle (kta), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
द्विजान्Brahmins (twice-born)
द्विजान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सम्पूजयामासhonoured, worshipped
सम्पूजयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + पूज्
FormPeriphrastic perfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
महेन्द्रत्वम्the status of Mahendra (lordship of Indra)
महेन्द्रत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहेन्द्रत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अवापobtained, attained
अवाप:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Bharata (address to the listener, i.e., Yudhishthira)
S
Shakra (Indra)
D
Danavendra (lord of the Danavas)
S
Shambara
D
Dvijas (Brahmins)
M
Mahendra (status/title)

Educational Q&A

Honoring the dvijas (Brahmins/the Vedic learned) is presented as a powerful dharmic act that yields sovereignty and exalted status; Indra’s attainment of Mahendra-hood is linked causally to his respectful worship of Brahmins.

Bhishma narrates that Indra (Śakra), after hearing counsel spoken by the Danava-king Śambara, proceeded to honor the Brahmins; as a result of this dharmic conduct, he attained the rank and glory of Mahendra.