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Shloka 18

Śāṃtanu’s Ideal Rule; Devavrata’s Return; The Satyavatī Marriage Condition and Bhīṣma’s Vow (आदि पर्व, अध्याय ९४)

ययातिरुवाच अददद्‌ देवयानाय यावद्‌ वित्तमविन्दत । उशीनरस्य पुत्रो5यं तस्माच्छेष्ठो हि व: शिबि:,ययातिने कहा--राजन्‌! उशीनरके पुत्र शिबिने ब्रह्मलोकके मार्गकी प्राप्तिके लिये अपना सर्वस्व दान कर दिया था, इसीलिये ये तुम सब लोगोंमें श्रेष्ठ हैं

Yayātir uvāca: adadad Devayānāya yāvad vittam avindata; Uśīnarasya putro ’yaṃ, tasmāc chreṣṭho hi vaḥ Śibiḥ.

Yayāti nói: “Ông ấy cứ ban cho Devayānī bao nhiêu của cải có thể kiếm được bấy nhiêu. Śibi này là con của Uśīnara; vì thế, trong tất cả các ngươi, Śibi quả thật là bậc đứng đầu.” Lời ấy nêu bật đức bố thí mẫu mực của Śibi—dám xả bỏ cả điều quý yêu nhất để hướng tới mục tiêu cao thượng—được tôn làm khuôn mẫu đạo đức của dāna (bố thí vô tư) phù hợp với dharma.

ययातिःYayati
ययातिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootययाति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
अददत्gave
अददत्:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormImperfect, Third, Singular
देवयानायto Devayāna
देवयानाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootदेवयान
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
यावत्as much as / until
यावत्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयावत्
वित्तम्wealth
वित्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवित्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अविन्दतfound / obtained
अविन्दत:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormImperfect, Third, Singular
उशीनरस्यof Uśīnara
उशीनरस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootउशीनर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore / from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
श्रेष्ठःbest / foremost
श्रेष्ठः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed / for
हि:
Nipata
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
वःof you (all) / among you
वः:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Plural
शिबिःŚibi
शिबिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिबि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

अष्टक उवाच

Y
Yayāti
D
Devayānī
U
Uśīnara
Ś
Śibi

Educational Q&A

The verse elevates dāna (generous giving) as a royal and ethical ideal: one who gives selflessly and persistently, even at personal cost, becomes ‘foremost’ in dharma and earns lasting renown and merit.

Yayāti is speaking and praising Śibi—identified as Uśīnara’s son—as the best among the group, citing his extraordinary generosity and readiness to give away all he could obtain (and, by broader tradition, even his own dearest possessions) for a higher spiritual end.