Shloka 35

Duḥṣanta at Kaṇva-Āśrama; Śakuntalā’s Reception and Origin Prelude (दुःषन्तस्य कण्वाश्रमागमनम्)

Devanagari script

विनाशनकश्ष क्रोधक्ष क्रोधहन्ता तथैव च | क्रोधशत्रुस्तथैवान्ये कालकेया इति श्रुता:,उनके नाम इस प्रकार हैं--विनाशन, क्रोध, क्रोधहन्ता तथा क्रोधशत्रु। कालकेय नामसे विख्यात दूसरे-दूसरे असुर भी कालाके ही पुत्र थे

Transliteration

Vaiśampāyana uvāca |

Vināśanakaś ca Krodhaś ca Krodhahantā tathaiva ca |

Krodhaśatrus tathaivānye Kālakeyā iti śrutāḥ ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Vināśanaka, Krodha, Krodhahantā, và Krodhaśatru—đó là những cái tên được truyền tụng. Lại còn những kẻ khác nổi danh là Kālakeya; người ta cũng nghe rằng họ đều là con của Kālā.”

Word by Word

विनाशनकःVināśanaka (a proper name)

चand

क्रोधःKrodha (a proper name; lit. anger)

चand

क्रोधहन्ताKrodha-hantā (slayer of Krodha; proper name)

तथाthus; likewise

एवindeed; just

चand

क्रोधशत्रुःKrodha-śatru (enemy of Krodha; proper name)

तथाlikewise

एवindeed

अन्येothers

कालकेयाःKālakeyas (a class of asuras)

इतिthus; so (quotative)

श्रुताःare heard/are known (as)

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vaiśampāyana

Vināśanaka

Krodha

Krodhahantā

Krodhaśatru

Kālakeyas

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Though primarily a catalog of names, the verse implicitly underscores the ethical weight of krodha (anger): it is powerful enough to define identities—some embody it (Krodha), while others are framed as opposing it (Krodhahantā, Krodhaśatru), reflecting the Mahābhārata’s broader concern that anger drives ruin and conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana is listing notable members associated with the Kālakeya asuras, giving specific names and indicating that there were others also known by the collective designation ‘Kālakeyas’ according to received tradition.