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Shloka 31

Duḥṣanta at Kaṇva-Āśrama; Śakuntalā’s Reception and Origin Prelude (दुःषन्तस्य कण्वाश्रमागमनम्)

सिंहिका सुषुवे पुत्र॑ राहुं चन्द्रार्कमर्टनम्‌ । सुचन्द्रं चन्द्रहर्तारं तथा चन्द्रप्रमर्दनम्‌,सिंहिकाने राहु नामक पुत्रको उत्पन्न किया, जो चन्द्रमा और सूर्यका मान-मर्दन करनेवाला है। इसके सिवा सुचन्द्र, चन्द्रहर्ता तथा चन्द्रप्रमर्दनको भी उसीने जन्म दिया

siṁhikā suṣuve putraṁ rāhuṁ candrārkamardanam | sucandraṁ candrahartāraṁ tathā candrapramardanam ||

Vaiśampāyana nói: Siṁhikā sinh một người con trai tên là Rāhu, nổi danh vì làm nhục và che lấp ánh sáng của Mặt Trăng và Mặt Trời. Bà cũng sinh ra Sucandra, Candrahartā (kẻ “cướp Mặt Trăng”) và Candrapramardana (kẻ “nghiền nát Mặt Trăng”).

सिंहिकाSiṃhikā
सिंहिका:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसिंहिका
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सुषुवेgave birth (bore)
सुषुवे:
TypeVerb
Root√सू (प्रसवे)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पुत्रम्a son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
राहुम्Rāhu
राहुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराहु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चन्द्रthe moon
चन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्र
FormMasculine, Accusative (as prior member in compound), Singular
अर्कthe sun
अर्क:
TypeNoun
Rootअर्क
FormMasculine, Accusative (as prior member in compound), Singular
मर्दनम्crusher/oppressor (of the moon and sun)
मर्दनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमर्दन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुचन्द्रम्Suchandra (a proper name)
सुचन्द्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुचन्द्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चन्द्रहर्तारम्moon-stealer (one who takes away the moon)
चन्द्रहर्तारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्रहर्तृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तथाand also/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
चन्द्रप्रमर्दनम्moon-crusher/oppressor
चन्द्रप्रमर्दनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्रप्रमर्दन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
S
Siṁhikā
R
Rāhu
S
Sucandra
C
Candrahartā
C
Candrapramardana
C
Candra (Moon)
A
Arka (Sun)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames cosmic disruption (eclipses, the ‘seizing’ of Sun and Moon) as arising from a hostile, demonic lineage, reinforcing the Mahābhārata’s moral imagination: forces aligned with adharma seek to obscure light and order, while dharma is associated with sustaining clarity and stability in the world.

Vaiśampāyana continues a genealogical account, stating that Siṁhikā bore Rāhu—described as one who oppresses the Moon and Sun—and also bore three other named beings associated with harming or seizing the Moon: Sucandra, Candrahartā, and Candrapramardana.