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Shloka 43

अनुक्रमणिकाध्यायः (Anukramaṇikā Adhyāya) — Invocation, Narrator Frame, and Textual Scope

पुरा विवस्वत: सर्वे महास्तेषां तथावर: । देवभ्राट्‌ तनयस्तस्य सुभाडिति ततः स्मृतः,पूर्वकालमें दिव:पुत्र, बृहत्‌, भानु, चक्षु, आत्मा, विभावसु, सविता, ऋचीक, अर्क, भानु, आशावह तथा रवि--ये सब शब्द विवस्वान्‌के बोधक माने गये हैं, इन सबमें जो अन्तिम 'रवि' हैं वे 'महा' (मही--पृथ्वीमें गर्भ स्थापन करनेवाले एवं पूज्य) माने गये हैं। इनके तनय देवश्राट्‌ हैं और देवभ्राटके तनय सुभ्राट माने गये हैं

purā vivasvataḥ sarve mahāsteṣāṃ tathāvaraḥ | devabhrāṭ tanayastasya subhrāṭ iti tataḥ smṛtaḥ ||

Thuở xưa, tất cả những danh xưng ấy đều là tên của Vivasvān (Thần Mặt Trời). Trong số đó, danh xưng cuối “Ravi” được tôn là “Mahā”—bậc đáng kính, đấng ban sinh lực cho địa cầu. Từ đó sinh Devabhrāṭ; và con của Devabhrāṭ về sau được ghi nhớ là Subhrāṭ.

पुराformerly, in ancient times
पुरा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
Formindeclinable (temporal adverb)
विवस्वतःof Vivasvat (the Sun)
विवस्वतः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootविवस्वत्
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
महाःgreat (ones)
महाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहा
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
तथाthus, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
Formindeclinable (manner adverb)
वरःthe best, the excellent one
वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
देवभ्राट्Devabhrāt (proper name)
देवभ्राट्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवभ्रातृ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तनयःson
तनयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतनय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तस्यof him
तस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
सुभ्राट्Subhrāt (proper name)
सुभ्राट्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुभ्रातृ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
इतिthus, as (so) called
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
Formindeclinable (quotative particle)
ततःthereafter, from that
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
Formindeclinable (ablatival adverb)
स्मृतःis remembered/known (as)
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formpast passive participle, masculine, nominative, singular
V
Vivasvān (Sun)
R
Ravi
D
Devabhrāṭ
S
Subhrāṭ
P
Pृथ्वी (Earth, implied by the gloss)

Educational Q&A

The verse preserves traditional memory (smṛti) of sacred lineage: divine names and descendants are not merely labels but markers of cosmic function and venerability, grounding later narratives in an ordered, remembered tradition.

A genealogical note is being recorded: Vivasvān (the Sun) is described through traditional appellations, and a line of descent is stated—Devabhrāṭ is his son, and Subhrāṭ is Devabhrāṭ’s son.