Brahma Purana — Shiva on Dharma: Nonviolence, Truthful Speech, Mental Discipline, and the Karmic Causes of Heaven and Longevity, Shloka 1

Devanagari script

उमोवाच भगवन् सर्वभूतेश सुरासुरनमस्कृत धर्माधर्मे नृणां देव ब्रूहि मे संशयं विभो //

Translation

Câu này chỉ ghi số “1” trong phần Sanskrit, không có nội dung văn bản nên không thể dịch nghĩa đầy đủ.

Word by Word

• umā: Umā
• umā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: umā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• bhagavan: O Lord
• bhagavan: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

• sarva-bhūta-īśa: O Lord of all beings
• sarva-bhūta-īśa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva + bhūta + īśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

• sura-asura-namaskṛta: revered by gods and demons
• sura-asura-namaskṛta: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sura + asura + namaskṛta (प्रातिपदिक; namas-√kṛ + kta)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन) — qualifying the addressed deity

• dharma-adharme: in dharma and adharma
• dharma-adharme: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Topic-location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma + adharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Dual (द्विवचन)

• nṛṇām: of men
• nṛṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• deva: O god
• deva: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

• brūhi: tell
• brūhi: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √brū (धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• me: to me
• me: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular (एकवचन)

• saṃśayam: doubt
• saṃśayam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vibho: O all-pervading one
• vibho: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vibhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

Speaker

• Umā (questioner) addressing Śiva (teacher)