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Shloka 27

Kapila’s Analysis of Materialistic Life, Death, and the Path to Hell

Kāla, Karma, and Yamadūtas

कृन्तनं चावयवशो गजादिभ्यो भिदापनम् । पातनं गिरीशृङ्गेभ्यो रोधनं चाम्बु-गर्तयोः ॥ २७ ॥

kṛntanaṁ cāvayavaśo gajādibhyo bhidāpanam pātanaṁ giri-śṛṅgebhyo rodhanaṁ cāmbu-gartayoḥ

Tiếp theo, tay chân của hắn bị chặt đứt và bị voi xé xác. Hắn bị ném xuống từ đỉnh núi, và cũng bị giam cầm trong nước hoặc trong hang động.

kṛntanamcutting
kṛntanam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛntana (प्रातिपदिक; भाव/क्रिया-नाम from √kṛt/√kṛnt कृन्त्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd; Nominative/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); क्रियानाम (action noun)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
avayavaśaḥlimb by limb
avayavaśaḥ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootavayava (प्रातिपदिक) + śas (अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
Formअव्ययीभाव/विभक्त्यर्थे अव्यय (adverbial formation with -śas): ‘अवयवशः’ = भागभागेन/अवयवेन अवयवेन (piece by piece)
gaja-ādibhyaḥfrom elephants and the like
gaja-ādibhyaḥ:
Apādāna (अपादान/Source)
TypeNoun
Rootgaja (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), बहुवचन (Plural); ‘गज-आदयः’ (elephants etc.) + पञ्चमी
bhidāpanamcausing to be split/cleft
bhidāpanam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootbhidāpana (प्रातिपदिक; causative action noun from √bhid भिद्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); णिच्-प्रेरणार्थक धातुजन्य क्रियानाम (causative action noun)
pātanamthrowing down
pātanam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootpātana (प्रातिपदिक; causative action noun from √pat पत्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); क्रियानाम
giri-śṛṅgebhyaḥfrom mountain peaks
giri-śṛṅgebhyaḥ:
Apādāna (अपादान/Source)
TypeNoun
Rootgiri (प्रातिपदिक) + śṛṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), बहुवचन (Plural); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘गिरेः शृङ्गम्’ (mountain-peak) + पञ्चमी
rodhanamconfinement/blocking
rodhanam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootrodhana (प्रातिपदिक; action noun from √rudh/√rudh? ‘to obstruct’/√rudh रुध्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); क्रियानाम
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
ambu-gartayoḥin/into the two water-pits
ambu-gartayoḥ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootambu (प्रातिपदिक) + garta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine; gartā as pit/ditch often f.), षष्ठी/सप्तमी (6th/7th; Genitive/Locative), द्विवचन (Dual); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘अम्बुनः गर्ता’ (water-pit)
L
Lord Kapila

FAQs

In Canto 3, Lord Kapila describes specific hellish sufferings—being cut apart, torn by beasts, thrown from heights, and confined in water pits—as reactions to sinful karma.

Kapila instructs Devahuti on the law of karma, showing the grave consequences of sin so that one becomes detached from wrongdoing and turns toward liberation through devotion.

It encourages ethical living and self-restraint by reminding us that harmful actions carry severe reactions, and it motivates sincere bhakti and repentance to break karmic habits.