Mantra 4

Sukta 50

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

यथा शाम्याकः प्रपतन्नपवान् नानुविद्यते । एवा रात्रि प्र पातय यो अस्मां अभ्यघायति

IAST Transliteration

yáthā śāmyākáḥ prápatan apavā́n nā́nuvídyate | evā́ rātri prá pātaya yó asmā́n abhyaghā́yati ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

As a śāmyāka, hurled forth and wind-driven, is not found again—so, O Night, drive far away, cast down, him who deviseth evil against us.

Translation

Như cây śāmyāka bị ném đi, bị gió cuốn mà không còn tìm lại được nữa, hỡi Đêm, cũng vậy xin hãy xua đuổi thật xa, quật ngã kẻ mưu điều ác chống lại chúng con.

Word by Word

• यथा: just as, as
• यथा: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (avyaya)

• शाम्याकः: a śāmī-tree (or its pod/seed); śāmī
• शाम्याकः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाम्याक (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रपतन्: falling down/away
• प्रपतन्: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत् (धातु) + प्र

• अपवान्: blown away, carried off (by wind)
• अपवान्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपव (प्रातिपदिक) / अप-वा (धात्वर्थः ‘blown away’)

• न: not
• न: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (avyaya)

• अनुविद्यते: is found again; is traced
• अनुविद्यते: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद् (धातु) + अनु

• एव: just so, indeed
• एव: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (avyaya)

• रात्रि: O Night / night
• रात्रि: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, away
• प्र: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga/avyaya)

• पातय: cause to fall/drive away!
• पातय: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत् (धातु) (णिच्) + प्र

• यः: who (he who)
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मान्: us
• अस्मान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अभ्यघायति: does harm to; attacks; plots against
• अभ्यघायति: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: घा/घाय् (धातु) + अभि

Attribution

Rishi: As above (confirm via anukramaṇī).

Devata: Rātri as expeller; wind as implicit auxiliary force

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (probable; verify)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"bhayankara","emotional_arc":"From observation of inevitability (lost projectile) to confident command (drive him away).","listener_experience":"A sense of firmness and guarded courage; fear is contained and redirected into decisive action.","intensity":7}