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Shloka 21

कालनिर्णयः (युग-मन्वन्तर-कल्पप्रमाणम्) — Measures of Time and Cosmic Cycles

विंशतिश् च सहस्राणि कालो ऽयम् अधिकं विना मन्वन्तरस्य संख्येयं मानुषैर् वत्सरैर् द्विज

viṃśatiś ca sahasrāṇi kālo 'yam adhikaṃ vinā manvantarasya saṃkhyeyaṃ mānuṣair vatsarair dvija

اے دِوِج! انسانی برسوں کے حساب سے یہ مدت ٹھیک بیس ہزار ہے، بغیر کسی زائد باقی کے؛ یہی منونتر کی گنتی ہے۔

विंशतिःtwenty
विंशतिः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootविंशति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; संख्यावाचक-शब्दः (numeral)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)
सहस्राणिthousands
सहस्राणि:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
कालःtime/period
कालः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
अयम्this
अयम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)
अधिकम्additional; extra
अधिकम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootअधिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbial accusative: 'in excess')
विनाwithout; excluding
विना:
Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविना (अव्यय)
Formउपसर्गसदृश-अव्यय; वियोगार्थक (preposition/particle: 'without'), तृतीया/पञ्चमी-संबन्धे प्रयोगः
मन्वन्तरस्यof the manvantara
मन्वन्तरस्य:
Shashthi-Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootमनु + अन्तर (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (manu + antara = period of a Manu)
संख्येयम्countable; to be reckoned
संख्येयम्:
Visheshya (Predicate/विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootसंख्या + य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √ख्या (धातु) + यत्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (to be counted/enumerable)
मानुषैःby human (standards)
मानुषैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying 'years')
वत्सरैःby years
वत्सरैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
द्विजO twice-born (brahmin)
द्विज:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन

Sage Parāśara (speaking to Maitreya)

M
Manu
D
Dvija (addressed listener)

FAQs

This verse highlights that a Manvantara is a specifically countable cosmic period measured in human years, underscoring the Purana’s structured view of universal order and recurring governance under successive Manus.

Parāśara presents kāla as a defined, enumerable duration—measurable even in human units—indicating that cosmic epochs are not vague myths but organized cycles within the Purāṇic framework.

Even when not named directly, the chronology of Manvantaras functions within Vishnu’s supremacy as the sustaining and ordering principle, through whom cosmic governance and time’s cycles are intelligible.