Vamana Purana — Structure of Jambudvipa, Shloka 22

The Structure of Jambudvipa: Nine Varshas, Navadvipa Bharata, Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Devanagari script

निश्चिरा गण्डकी चित्रा कौशिकी च वधूसरा सरूश्च सलौहित्या हिमवत्पादनिःसृताः

Transliteration

niścirā gaṇḍakī citrā kauśikī ca vadhūsarā sarūśca salauhityā himavatpādaniḥsṛtāḥ

Translation

نِشچِرا، گنڈکی، چِترا، کوشِکی اور ودھوسَرا؛ نیز سَرو اور سَلَوہِتیا—یہ سب ہِمَوَت (ہمالیہ) کے قدم سے نکلنے والی کہی جاتی ہیں۔

Word by Word

• निश्चिरा: Niścirā (river name)
• निश्चिरा: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निश्चिरा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• गण्डकी: Gaṇḍakī (river name)
• गण्डकी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गण्डकी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• चित्रा: Citrā (river name)
• चित्रा: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चित्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• कौशिकी: Kauśikī (river name)
• कौशिकी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौशिकी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• वधूसरा: Vadhūsarā (river name)
• वधूसरा: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वधूसरा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सरूः: Sarū (river name)
• सरूः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सरू (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; visarga in citation form

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• सलौहित्या: Salauhityā (river name)
• सलौहित्या: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सलौहित्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• हिमवत्पाद-निःसृताः: (rivers) issuing from Himavat’s foot
• हिमवत्पाद-निःसृताः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हिमवत् (प्रातिपदिक) + पाद (प्रातिपदिक) + निःसृत (नि:√सृ धातु, क्त-प्रत्यय; कृदन्त)
• Form: बहुवचन, प्रथमा; (स्त्रीलिङ्गाः नद्यः) विशेषणम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष/सप्तमी-तत्पुरुषार्थः: ‘हिमवत्पादात् निःसृताः’ (sprung from the foot of Himavat)

Speakers

• Pulastya to Nārada (typical frame; not explicit in the given excerpt)

Key Themes

• Sacred Geography
• Tirtha-Mahatmya
• Pilgrimage Topography

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

By mapping sacred rivers to Himavat, the text sacralizes geography: nature is treated as a carrier of dharma, and pilgrimage becomes a disciplined way of remembering cosmic order through the landscape.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana?

This is ancillary to pancalakṣaṇa proper; it aligns most closely with tīrtha-māhātmya style material often embedded within Purāṇas, rather than sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa lines.

What is the symbolic significance?

Rivers ‘issuing from Himavat’ express the idea of purity and continuity: the mountain (stability) gives rise to flow (life, merit, and transmission of sacred power).