Shloka 45

Dietary Rules & Purification — Dietary Rules, Purification (Śauca), and the Duties of the Householder and Forest-Dweller

Devanagari script

सद्यः शौचं भवेद्वीर तच्चाप्युक्तं चतुर्विधम् गर्भस्रावे तदेवोक्तं पूर्णकालेन चेतरे

Transliteration

sadyaḥ śaucaṃ bhavedvīra taccāpyuktaṃ caturvidham garbhasrāve tadevoktaṃ pūrṇakālena cetare

Translation

اے بہادر، سدیۂ شَوچ (فوری طہارت) مقرر ہے، اور اسے چار قسم کا بتایا گیا ہے۔ گربھ سْراو (اسقاط) میں بھی یہی حکم ہے؛ دیگر صورتوں میں طہارت مقررہ مکمل مدت کے مطابق ہوتی ہے۔

Word by Word

• sadyaḥ: immediately
• sadyaḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sadyaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक अव्यय)

• śaucam: purification/ritual cleanliness
• śaucam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śauca (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; subject of bhavet

• bhavet: should be
• bhavet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्, optative), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); ‘should be/should occur’

• vīra: O hero
• vīra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular; address

• tat: that (purification)
• tat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; demonstrative pronoun referring to śauca

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (सम्भावना/अपि = ‘also/indeed’)

• uktam: is stated
• uktam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु, √vac)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त, PPP), Neuter, Nominative, Singular; used predicatively ‘is said’

• catur-vidham: fourfold
• catur-vidham: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: catur (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + vidha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष sense ‘of four kinds’; agrees with tat/śauca

• garbha-srāve: in the case of miscarriage
• garbha-srāve: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: garbha (प्रातिपदिक) + srāva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘in miscarriage/abortion’

• tat: that
• tat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular; ‘that’ (same rule)

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निश्चयार्थक अव्यय)

• uktam: is stated
• uktam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु, √vac)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त, PPP), Neuter, Nominative, Singular; ‘is said’

• pūrṇa-kālena: by (the completion of) full term
• pūrṇa-kālena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūrṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; ‘by/at full term (time)’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• itare: in the other case(s)
• itare: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: itara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (or plural depending on context); here ‘in the other case(s)’; elliptical adhikaraṇa

Speakers

• Unspecified in input (commonly framed as Pulastya → Nārada in the Vāmana Purāṇa’s dialogue layer)

Key Themes

• Vrata/Rituals
• Dharmaśāstra-style purity rules
• Śauca-Aśauca

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The passage frames purity rules as a disciplined, time-bound restoration of ritual order after bodily/household disruption (especially pregnancy loss), emphasizing regulated conduct rather than stigma.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana?

This is ancillary dharma-vidhi material (ācāra/śauca) rather than the core pañcalakṣaṇa topics (sarga, pratisarga, vaṃśa, manvantara, vaṃśānucarita). It belongs to the Purāṇic ‘dharma-kathana/vidhi’ layer.

What is the symbolic significance?

‘Immediate’ vs ‘full-period’ purification symbolizes the gradation of ritual consequence: some disruptions are resolved quickly, while others require a complete cycle of restraint to re-establish social-ritual equilibrium.