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Shloka 23

पितृसर्ग-श्राद्धमाहात्म्य-प्रश्नः

Pitṛ-sarga and the Greatness of Śrāddha: The Inquiry

त्वया दायादवानस्मि धर्मज्ञेन विपश्चिता । तारितोहं तु जिज्ञासा कृता मे पुरुषोत्तम

tvayā dāyādavānasmi dharmajñena vipaścitā | tāritohaṃ tu jijñāsā kṛtā me puruṣottama

اے دینِ دھرم کے جاننے والے اور دانا! آپ نے مجھے نیکی کے ثواب کا وارث بنایا۔ آپ ہی کے سبب میں نجات پایا؛ میری جستجو پوری ہوئی، اے پُرُشوتّم۔

tvayāby you
tvayā:
Karana (करण/agent-instrument in passive)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
dāyāda-vānhaving an heir
dāyāda-vān:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootdāyāda (प्रातिपदिक) + -vant (प्रातिपदिक/तद्धित)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; possessive adjective (मतुप्/वन्त) meaning ‘having an heir’
asmiI am
asmi:
Karta (कर्ता/finite verb)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्/Laṭ), 1st person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
dharma-jñenaby (you) who know dharma
dharma-jñena:
Karana (करण/instrumental agent)
TypeAdjective
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक) + jña (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; तत्पुरुष: dharmasya jñaḥ (‘knower of dharma’); agrees with tvayā (by you, the knower of dharma)
vipaścitāby (you) the wise
vipaścitā:
Karana (करण/instrumental agent)
TypeAdjective
Rootvipaścit (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; adjective ‘wise’ agreeing with tvayā
tāritaḥsaved; delivered
tāritaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate)
TypeVerb
Roottṝ (धातु) + tārita (कृदन्त, causative PPP)
FormKridanta PPP (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; passive ‘(I) have been delivered/saved’
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
tubut; indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात) indicating contrast/emphasis
jijñāsāinquiry; desire to know
jijñāsā:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootjñā (धातु) + jijñāsā (प्रातिपदिक; desiderative noun)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; abstract noun ‘desire to know/inquiry’
kṛtāmade; done
kṛtā:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु) + kṛta (कृदन्त, PPP)
FormKridanta PPP (क्त), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; agrees with jijñāsā; passive ‘has been made/done’
meby me; for me; my
me:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Genitive/Dative (6th/4th), Singular; enclitic
puruṣa-uttamaO best of men
puruṣa-uttama:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/address)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular; कर्मधारय: uttamaḥ puruṣaḥ

A devotee/disciple addressing Lord Shiva (Puruṣottama) in a teaching dialogue within Umāsaṃhitā

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

S
Shiva

FAQs

The verse frames Shiva as the liberator (tāritā) who fulfills the seeker’s jijñāsā—true inquiry into dharma and reality—granting a rightful share in spiritual merit and the path toward moksha.

Addressing Shiva as Puruṣottama supports Saguna devotion: the seeker approaches the personal Lord who actively rescues and instructs. In Shaiva practice, this inner transformation is commonly anchored through Linga-worship as the tangible focus for grace and right understanding.

The practical takeaway is disciplined dharma-jijñāsā supported by Shiva-upāsanā—daily remembrance and prayer to Shiva (often with the Panchākṣarī, “Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) to seek guidance, clarity, and liberation.