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Shloka 49

Niṣādasya Bhillasya Itihāsaḥ — Śivarātri-vrata-prabhāvaḥ

The Hunter’s Account and the Efficacy of the Śivarātri Observance

तावद्द्वितीयो यामो वै तस्य निद्रां विना गतः । एतस्मिन्समये तत्र प्राप्ते यामे तृतीयके

tāvaddvitīyo yāmo vai tasya nidrāṃ vinā gataḥ | etasminsamaye tatra prāpte yāme tṛtīyake

اس کے لیے رات کا دوسرا پہر بغیر نیند کے گزر گیا۔ اور اسی وقت وہاں تیسرا پہر آ پہنچا، تب اگلا واقعہ رونما ہوا۔

tāvatthen/so long
tāvat:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottāvat (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, temporal adverb (कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)
dvitīyaḥsecond
dvitīyaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvitīya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; ordinal qualifying ‘yāmaḥ’
yāmaḥwatch (of the night)
yāmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, emphatic particle (निपात)
tasyaof him
tasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; ‘of him’
nidrāmsleep
nidrām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootnidrā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; object with ‘vinā’
vināwithout
vinā:
Apavarga/Abhāva (अपवर्ग/अभाव; ‘without’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvinā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, preposition-like indeclinable governing accusative (विना + द्वितीया)
gataḥgone/passed
gataḥ:
Kriyā-samānādhikaraṇa (क्रियासमानाधिकरण/predicative)
TypeVerb
Rootgam (धातु)
FormPast participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; used predicatively with ‘yāmaḥ’ = ‘passed’
etasminin this
etasmin:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Masculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular
samayetime
samaye:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsamaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; with etasmin = ‘at this time’
tatrathere
tatra:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, adverb of place (देशवाचक)
prāptewhen (it was) reached/arrived
prāpte:
Sati-saptamī (सति-सप्तमी/locative absolute)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-āp (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; locative absolute with ‘yāme’
yāmein the watch
yāme:
Sati-saptamī (सति-सप्तमी)
TypeNoun
Rootyāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; in locative absolute with ‘prāpte’
tṛtīyakethird
tṛtīyake:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottṛtīyaka (प्रातिपदik)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ordinal adjective qualifying ‘yāme’

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Īśāna

Sthala Purana: The marking of yāmas (night-watches) is a Purāṇic technique to signal liminality: the third watch often precedes a decisive turn (darśana, omen, or encounter) in tīrtha/Jyotirliṅga episodes.

Significance: Encourages nocturnal vigilance (jāgaraṇa) as a spiritual discipline; in Śaiva practice, night-watches resonate with pradoṣa and Śivarātri observances where wakefulness becomes a vehicle for grace.

FAQs

It highlights jāgaraṇa—wakeful, steady devotion—where the devotee’s mind does not sink into tamas (sleep/forgetfulness) but remains oriented toward Shiva, preparing the inner field for grace and an impending spiritual turning point.

In Kotirudra contexts, such time-markers often frame a devotee’s sustained vigil near a sacred presence (commonly a Jyotirlinga/Linga). Remaining awake symbolizes continuous smaraṇa and upāsanā of Saguna Shiva, through which the devotee becomes fit to receive Shiva’s manifest blessing.

Night-vigil (jāgaraṇa) with japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya), along with simple Linga-upacāras (water offering) and mental dhyāna; this is especially resonant with Mahāśivarātri practice across the yāmas.