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Shloka 1

दधिमुख

विज्ञापनम् / Dadhimukha Reports the Madhuvana Incident

ततो मूर्ध्ना निपतितं वानरं वानरर्षभः।दृष्ट्वैवोद्विग्नहृदयो वाक्यमेतदुवाच ह।।।।

tato mūrdhnā nipatitaṃ vānaraṃ vānararṣabhaḥ | dṛṣṭvaivodvignahṛdayo vākyam etad uvāca ha ॥5.63.1॥

پھر وانروں کے سردار، وانر-ورِشَبھ (سُگریو) نے ایک وانر کو دیکھا جو سر کے بل اس کے قدموں میں گرا تھا، پیشانی زمین سے لگی ہوئی؛ یہ دیکھ کر اس کا دل گھبرا اٹھا اور اس نے یہ کلمات کہے۔

tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरणम्)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय) meaning 'then/thereupon'
mūrdhnāwith (his) forehead
mūrdhnā:
Karaṇa (करणम्)
TypeNoun
Rootmūrdhan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3), Singular; 'with the head/forehead'
nipatitamprostrated
nipatitam:
Karma (कर्म) / Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
TypeVerb
Rootni-√pat (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter Accusative Singular used adjectivally with vānaram (Masculine Acc Sg); sense: 'fallen/prostrated'
vānaramthe monkey
vānaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvānara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2), Singular; object of dṛṣṭvā
vānararṣabhaḥthe bull among monkeys (Sugriva)
vānararṣabhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvānara + ṛṣabha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Singular; vocative-like address in context but form is nominative; tatpuruṣa: 'bull among monkeys' (epithet of Sugriva)
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), 'having seen'
evaindeed/just
eva:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निपात)
udvignahṛdayaḥanxious at heart
udvignahṛdayaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootudvigna + hṛdaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Singular; adjective of vānararṣabhaḥ; 'anxious-hearted'
vākyamwords/speech
vākyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvākya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2), Singular; object of uvāca
etatthis
etat:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2), Singular; modifies vākyam
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular; 'said/spoke'
haindeed (narrative particle)
ha:
Prayojaka-nipāta (निपात/भावसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootha (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात) used for narrative emphasis

Feeling anxious on seeing Dadhimukha touching his feet with his forehead, Sugriva, the bull among vanaras said:

S
Sugrīva
D
Dadhimukha (implied by context as the prostrating vanara)
V
vānarāḥ

FAQs

Rajadharma and responsibility: a ruler becomes concerned when a duty-bound subordinate approaches in distress; governance requires attentive listening and readiness to address wrongdoing.

Dadhimukha approaches Sugrīva in a formal, urgent manner (prostration), prompting Sugrīva’s immediate concern.

Sugrīva’s alertness and responsiveness to his subjects’ distress are emphasized.