Shloka 12

सुन्दरकाण्डे अष्टपञ्चाशः सर्गः

हनुमद्वृत्तान्तकथनम्, सीताभिज्ञान-प्रदानम्, लङ्कादाह-वर्णनम्

Devanagari script

पितृव्यं चापि मां विद्धि सखायं मातरिश्वनः।।।।मैनाकमिति विख्यातं निवसन्तं महोदधौ।

Transliteration

pitṛvyaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi sakhāyaṃ mātariśvanaḥ |

mainākam iti vikhyātaṃ nivasantaṃ mahodadhau |

Translation

مجھے بھی اپنا پِترویہ، یعنی چچا کے مانند، اور ماترِشون (وایو دیو) کا دوست سمجھو۔ میں مینایک کے نام سے مشہور ہوں اور مہاساگر میں رہتا ہوں۔

Word by Word

• pitṛvyaṃ: paternal uncle
• pitṛvyaṃ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛvya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन (Acc sg); predicate-object with vidhi ‘know (me as) uncle’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (also/even)

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, उत्तमपुरुष, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन (Acc sg)

• viddhi: know (you)
• viddhi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vid (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• sakhāyam: friend
• sakhāyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sakhāy (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन (Acc sg); predicate-object with viddhi

• mātariśvanaḥ: of Mātariśvan (Wind-god)
• mātariśvanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātariśvan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति, एकवचन (Gen sg)

• mainākam-iti: (called) ‘Maināka’
• mainākam-iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: maināka (प्रातिपदिक) + iti (अव्यय)
• Form: इति-प्रयोग (quotative); नामनिर्देश ‘(called) Maināka’

• vikhyātaṃ: renowned, known as
• vikhyātaṃ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-√khyā (धातु) > vikhyāta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा एकवचन; agrees with mām understood / or with mainākam as apposition

• nivasantam: residing
• nivasantam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ni-√vas (धातु) > nivasat (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन (Acc sg); qualifies mām/mainākam

• mahā-udadhau: in the great ocean
• mahā-udadhau: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā + udadhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन (Loc sg); समास: महा + उदधि

Context

'Know me to be a friend of wind-god and so I am like your father's brother. I am dwelling in this great ocean and known as Mainaka.

Characters & Entities

• Maināka
• Mātariśvan (Vāyu/Wind-god)
• mahodadhi (great ocean)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma of hospitality and gratitude: benevolence arises from remembered friendship and rightful obligation toward another’s welfare.

What is the narrative situation?

During Hanumān’s ocean-crossing (elsewhere in Sundara-kāṇḍa), Maināka introduces himself and offers supportive aid as a friend of Vāyu.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kṛtajñatā (gratitude) and saṃbandha-dharma (duty arising from relationships).