Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 55, Shloka 30

लङ्कादाहानन्तरचिन्ता

Hanuman’s Post-Conflagration Self-Examination and Assurance of Sita’s Safety

Devanagari script

अहो खलु कृतं कर्म दुष्करं हि हनूमता।अग्निं विसृजताऽभीक्ष्णं भीमं राक्षसवेश्मनि।।।।

Transliteration

aho khalu kṛtaṃ karma duṣkaraṃ hi hanūmatā | agniṃ visṛjatābhīkṣṇaṃ bhīmaṃ rākṣasa-veśmani ||

Translation

ہائے! بے شک ہنومان نے نہایت دشوار کارنامہ سرانجام دیا—رکشسوں کے گھروں میں بار بار ہولناک آگ بھڑکاتا رہا۔

Word by Word

• अहो: oh!
• अहो: भावसूचक (Exclamation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अहो (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विस्मयादिबोधक निपात (exclamatory particle)

• खलु: indeed, verily
• खलु: निपात (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: खलु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (emphatic particle)

• कृतम्: done
• कृतम्: क्रिया-विशेष (Predicate participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (Past passive participle, क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे ‘कर्म’ के साथ

• कर्म: deed, act
• कर्म: कर्ता-स्थानी (Logical subject in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन

• दुष्करम्: difficult, hard-to-do
• दुष्करम्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying कर्म)

• हि: for, indeed
• हि: निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (causal/emphatic particle)

• हनूमता: by Hanuman
• हनूमता: करण/कर्ता-हेतु (Instrument/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हनुमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन

• अग्निम्: fire
• अग्निम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन

• विसृजता: while releasing/spreading
• विसृजता: कर्ता-विशेषण (Qualifier of agent)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + सृज् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present active participle, शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘हनूमता’ के विशेषणरूपेण

• अभीक्ष्णम्: repeatedly, incessantly
• अभीक्ष्णम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभीक्ष्णम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; काल/प्रमाणवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: repeatedly/excessively)

• भीमम्: terrible
• भीमम्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भीम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying अग्निम्)

• राक्षसवेश्मनि: in the demons' mansion(s)
• राक्षसवेश्मनि: अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक) + वेश्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (rākṣasāṇāṃ veśma)

Context

'Oh! Hanuman has indeed accomplished the marvellous task of spreading the terrific fire on the demons buildings.

Characters & Entities

• Hanuman
• Agni (fire)
• Lanka (implied setting)
• Rākṣasas (demons)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Right action in service of dharma can be arduous and fearsome in execution, yet praiseworthy when aimed at defeating adharma and advancing a just mission.

What is the narrative situation?

Celestial voices praise Hanuman’s near-impossible feat of setting the rākṣasa city ablaze.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vīrya (valor) and perseverance—sustained effort in a dangerous task undertaken for Rama’s cause.