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Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 53, Shloka 2

लाङ्गूलदाह-पर्यटनम्

The Burning Tail and the Parade through Laṅkā

सम्यगुक्तं हि भवता दूतवध्या विगर्हिता।अवश्यं तु वधादन्यः क्रियतामस्य निग्रहः।।5.53.2।।

samyag uktaṃ hi bhavatā dūtavadhyā vigarhitā | avaśyaṃ tu vadhād anyaḥ kriyatām asya nigrahaḥ ||5.53.2||

آپ نے جو فرمایا وہ بالکل درست ہے کہ قاصد کا قتل ناپسندیدہ اور مذموم ہے؛ مگر اس پر ضرور کوئی گرفت کی جائے—البتہ موت کے سوا کوئی سزا مقرر کی جائے۔

सम्यक्properly, well
सम्यक्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक् (अव्यय)
Formरीतिवाचक-अव्यय (adverb)
उक्तम्said, spoken
उक्तम्:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate complement)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; वाक्य-रूपेण (it has been said)
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-निपात (indeed)
भवताby you
भवता:
Kartr (कर्ता/Agent)
TypeNoun
Rootभवत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; आदरार्थक-सर्वनाम
दूतवध्याkilling of a messenger
दूतवध्या:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootदूत+वध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (दूतस्य वध्या/वधः)
विगर्हिताis condemned
विगर्हिता:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootवि+गर्ह् (धातु)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय (is censured)
अवश्यम्surely
अवश्यम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअवश्यम् (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-अव्यय (certainly)
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/contrast)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषार्थक-निपात (but/however)
वधात्than killing/from killing
वधात्:
Apadana (अपादान/Ablative)
TypeNoun
Rootवध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (5th/Ablative), एकवचन
अन्यःanother, different
अन्यः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying निग्रहः)
क्रियताम्let (it) be done
क्रियताम्:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलोट्-लकार (Imperative), आत्मनेपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (let it be done)
अस्यof him
अस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
निग्रहःrestraint, punishment
निग्रहः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootनिग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

"Indeed, you have spoken very well.Killing of emissary is censured (in sastras). Surely we will impose suitable punishment other than killing.

D
dūta (envoy)

FAQs

Even in conflict, dharma sets limits: an envoy is protected by convention and śāstric ethics, so punishment must not violate that protected status.

In Laṅkā’s court, after Hanumān is captured as a messenger, the discussion turns to what penalty is permissible; the decision is to punish without executing him.

Respect for maryādā (ethical boundaries of war and diplomacy), expressed as adherence to the rule that a dūta should not be slain.