Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 46, Shloka 33

षट्चत्वारिंशः सर्गः

Ravana Deploys Five Generals; Hanuman Destroys the Commanders and the Remaining Host

Devanagari script

एकतः कपिशार्दूलं यशस्विनमवस्थितम्।पट्टिसेन शिताग्रेण प्रघसः प्रत्ययोधयत्।।।।भासकर्णश्च शूलेन राक्षसः कपिसत्तमम्।

Transliteration

ekataḥ kapiśārdūlaṃ yaśasvinam avasthitam | paṭṭisena śitāgreṇa praghasaḥ pratyayodhayat || bhāsakarṇaś ca śūlena rākṣasaḥ kapisattamam ||

Translation

ایک جانب پرگھاس نے تیز دھار پٹّیسہ سے یشस्वی کپیشاردول پر حملہ کیا، اور دوسری جانب راکشس بھاسکرن نے شُول (ترشول) سے اس کپیسَتّم پر وار کیا۔

Word by Word

• ekataḥ: on one side
• ekataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ekatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण) = "on one side"

• kapiśārdūlam: tiger among monkeys (Hanuman)
• kapiśārdūlam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kapi + śārdūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: "kapiṣu śārdūlaḥ"

• yaśasvinam: renowned
• yaśasvinam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yaśasvin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying kapiśārdūlam

• avasthitam: stationed
• avasthitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ava√sthā (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); "standing/positioned"

• paṭṭisena: with a pattiśa (iron weapon/crowbar)
• paṭṭisena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paṭṭisa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); (gender commonly masculine)

• śitāgreṇa: with a sharp-pointed (weapon)
• śitāgreṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śita + agra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) agreeing with implied "āyudha"; karmadhāraya: "śitam agraṃ yasya" (sharp-pointed)

• praghāsaḥ: Praghāsa
• praghāsaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: praghāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); proper name

• pratyayodhayat: fought back / counter-attacked
• pratyayodhayat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prati√yudh (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); causative not intended; "fought/attacked in return"

• bhāsakarṇaḥ: Bhāsakarṇa
• bhāsakarṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāsa + karṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); proper name; tatpuruṣa (name-compound)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• śūlena: with a spear
• śūlena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)

• rākṣasaḥ: the rākṣasa (demon)
• rākṣasaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to bhāsakarṇaḥ

• kapisattamam: the best of monkeys
• kapisattamam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kapi + sattama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: "kapīnām sattamaḥ"

Context

Praghasa fought back the glorious tiger among vanaras with a sharp crow-bar on one side and Bhaskarana attacked with a spear from the other.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Praghasa
• Bhāsakarṇa
• Śūla (trident)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse foregrounds the tension between coordinated violence and righteous resistance: dharma is upheld by the one who stands firm for a just end, even when attacked from multiple sides.

What is the narrative situation?

Praghasa and Bhāsakarṇa attack Hanumān simultaneously, one with a sharp paṭṭiśa-type weapon and the other with a trident.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s fearlessness and tactical steadiness—remaining ‘avasthita’ (well-positioned) despite a two-sided assault.