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Shloka 31

रावणस्य तर्जनं सीताया धर्मोक्तिः

Ravana’s Threats and Sita’s Dharma-Centered Reply

अनयेनाभिसम्पन्नमर्थहीनमनुव्रते।नाशयाम्यहमद्य त्वां सूर्यः सन्ध्यामिवौजसा।।।।

anayenābhisampannam arthahīnam anuvrate |

nāśayāmy aham adya tvāṃ sūryaḥ sandhyām ivaujasā ||

اے وفادار و باوفا عورت! تو بے حاصل راہ پر اڑی ہوئی ہے، ناروا عزم سے مسلح؛ آج میں تجھے یوں کچل دوں گا جیسے سورج اپنی تابانی سے شام کی دھندلی روشنی کو مٹا دیتا ہے۔

anayenaby this wrong course
anayena:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootanaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); ‘wrong conduct/policy’
abhisampannamendowed/possessed
abhisampannam:
Karma (कर्म/Object; predicative qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootabhi-√pad (धातु) + kta (क्त) / abhisampanna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast passive participle (कृत्/क्त) used adjectivally, Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies tvām (understood as tvām ... abhisampannām; text has neuter as generalized predicate/insult)
artha-hīnamworthless/meaningless
artha-hīnam:
Karma (कर्म/Object; predicative qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootarthahīna (प्रातिपदिक; artha + hīna)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: arthaṃ hīnam = devoid of value/meaning
anuvrateO faithful lady
anuvrate:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
TypeNoun
Rootanuvratā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन); address to Sītā ‘faithful one’
nāśayāmiI will destroy/dispell
nāśayāmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√naś (धातु) + ṇic (णिच् causative)
FormPresent (लट्), 1st person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); causative (णिच्) = ‘cause to perish/destroy’
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
adyatoday/now
adya:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण/Time adjunct)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootadya (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण) of time
tvāmyou
tvām:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
sūryaḥthe sun
sūryaḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान/Standard of comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootsūrya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); subject of implied simile clause
sandhyāmtwilight
sandhyām:
Karma (कर्म/Object in simile)
TypeNoun
Rootsandhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
ivalike
iva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Comparative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), upamā-vācaka (उपमावाचक)
ojasāby (his) brilliance/power
ojasā:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootojas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); means ‘power, brilliance’

"O Sita! you are following a vow of chastity and treading a meaningless, wrong path. I will destroy you as the Sun dispels the morning twilight with his lustre".

R
Rāvaṇa
S
Sītā
S
Sūrya (Sun)
S
Sandhyā (twilight)

FAQs

Dharma rejects coercion and threats, especially against the vulnerable. The verse shows adharma: power used to intimidate truth and fidelity.

Rāvaṇa, angered by Sītā’s refusal, escalates to explicit threats of harm, attempting to break her resolve.

Sītā’s fidelity (pativratā-dharma) is acknowledged even by her oppressor; her unwavering commitment to Rāma stands as the implied virtue.