Shloka 123

समुद्रलङ्घनारम्भः

Commencement of the Ocean-Crossing

Devanagari script

पूर्वं कृतयुगे तात पर्वताः पक्षिणोऽभवन्।ते हि जग्मुर्दिशः सर्वा गरुडानिलवेगिनः।।।।

Transliteration

pūrvaṃ kṛtayuge tāta parvatāḥ pakṣiṇo 'bhavan | te hi jagmur diśaḥ sarvā garuḍānila-veginaḥ ||

Translation

اے عزیز! قدیم کِرت یُگ میں پہلے پہاڑوں کے پر ہوا کرتے تھے؛ وہ گرُڑ اور ہوا کی سی تیزی سے سب سمتوں میں اڑتے پھرتے تھے۔

Word by Word

• पूर्वम्: formerly
• पूर्वम्: Kala (काल/Time adjunct)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time: formerly)

• कृतयुगे: in the Kṛta age
• कृतयुगे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृत + युग (प्रातिपदिक); कृतयुग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (Kṛta of the yuga); नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)

• तात: O dear son
• तात: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• पर्वताः: mountains
• पर्वताः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• पक्षिणः: winged ones/birds
• पक्षिणः: Pradhana (प्रधान/Predicate noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• अभवन्: were/became
• अभवन्: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle: indeed)

• जग्मुः: went
• जग्मुः: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद

• दिशः: directions
• दिशः: Karma (कर्म/Object: goal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन (Plural)

• सर्वाः: all
• सर्वाः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन (Plural)

• गरुडानिलवेगिनः: swift as Garuḍa and the wind
• गरुडानिलवेगिनः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier of 'ते')
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गरुड + अनिल + वेगिन् (प्रातिपदिक); गरुडानिलवेगिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (determinative: having speed like Garuḍa and wind); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

Context

"Formerly in Kritayuga, O dear, mountains were endowed with wings. They used to move speedily in all directions like Garuda and the Wind-god.

Characters & Entities

• Maināka
• Hanumān
• Garuḍa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse sets up an etiological tale: dharma is explored through cosmic order—unchecked power/motion in the world can require regulation for the welfare of beings.

What is the narrative situation?

Maināka begins a backstory about ancient winged mountains to explain his connection to Māruta and why he honours Hanumān.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Maināka’s truth-oriented instruction: he grounds his hospitality in remembered tradition (itihāsa).