Shloka 12

मैत्रीप्रतिज्ञा-वैरकारणप्रश्नः

Friendship Vow and Inquiry into the Cause of Enmity

Devanagari script

स ददर्श ततस्सालमविदूरे हरीश्वरः।सुपुष्पमीषत्पत्राढ्यं भ्रमरैरुपशोभितम्।।

Transliteration

sa dadarśa tataḥ sālam avidūre harīśvaraḥ | supuṣpam īṣat-patrāḍhyaṃ bhramarair upaśobhitam ||

Translation

تب وानروں کے سردار نے قریب ہی ایک سال کا درخت دیکھا—پھولوں سے لدا ہوا، ہلکی سی پتّیوں کی گھنی چھاؤں لیے، اور بھنوروں کی منڈلاتی رونق سے آراستہ۔

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• ददर्श: saw
• ददर्श: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ततः: then
• ततः: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Time-context)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; काल/क्रमवाचक (temporal-sequential adverb)

• सालम्: a śāla tree
• सालम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• अविदूरे: not far away
• अविदूरे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अविदूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; विशेषण (adjectival locative: 'not far away')

• हरीश्वरः: lord of the monkeys
• हरीश्वरः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि-ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): हरिणाम् ईश्वरः

• सुपुष्पम्: well-flowered
• सुपुष्पम्: Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-पुष्प (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: सु + पुष्प (well-flowered)

• ईषत्: slightly
• ईषत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ईषत् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; परिमाणवाचक (degree adverb: 'slightly/a little')

• पत्राढ्यम्: rich in leaves
• पत्राढ्यम्: Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पत्र-आढ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: पत्रैः आढ्यः (rich in leaves)

• भ्रमरैः: by bees
• भ्रमरैः: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रमर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• उपशोभितम्: adorned/beautified
• उपशोभितम्: Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप-शुभ् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्यय

Context

Then the chief of monkeys saw a sala tree looking lovely with tender leaves and flowers graced by bees.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• śāla tree (sāla)
• bees (bhramara)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Hospitality and readiness to honor guests: noticing a suitable place and materials to seat Rāma anticipates respectful conduct (satkāra) as part of righteous relationship-building.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva notices a nearby flowering śāla tree that can provide branches to make seats for Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Attentiveness and reverence: Sugrīva’s quick observation supports dignified reception of allies.