Shloka 33

सम्पातिवाक्यम्

Sampāti’s Counsel and the Revelation of Laṅkā

Devanagari script

गर्हितं तु कृतं कर्म येन स्म पशिताशिना।प्रतीकार्यं च मे तस्य वैरं भ्रातृकृतं भवेत्।।4.58.33।।

Transliteration

garhitaṁ tu kṛtaṁ karma yena sma piśitāśinā |

pratīkāryaṁ ca me tasya vairaṁ bhrātṛ-kṛtaṁ bhavet ||

Translation

اس گوشت خور نے نہایت شرمناک فعل کیا؛ اور میرے بھائی کے ساتھ اس کے کیے سے جو عداوت پیدا ہوئی ہے، اس کا بدلہ لینا اب مجھ پر لازم ہے۔

Word by Word

• गर्हितम्: blameworthy, censured
• गर्हितम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √गर्ह् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (कर्म)

• तु: indeed
• तु: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle: 'but/indeed')

• कृतम्: done
• कृतम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (कर्म)

• कर्म: deed, act
• कर्म: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• येन: by whom
• येन: Karana (करण/Agent-instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; सम्बन्धे 'by whom'

• स्म: indeed/once (past marker)
• स्म: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्म (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; भूतार्थ-स्मरणार्थक निपात (particle used with past narration)

• पिशिताशिना: by the flesh-eater (demon)
• पिशिताशिना: Karana (करण/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिशित + आशिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (पिशितम् अश्नाति इति = 'flesh-eater')

• प्रतीकार्यम्: requiring retaliation
• प्रतीकार्यम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रति + √कृ (धातु)
• Form: तव्यत्/अनीयर्-अर्थक (gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'to be retaliated/answered'

• च: and
• च: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक निपात

• मे: my
• मे: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (enclitic)

• तस्य: of that (one)
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• वैरम्: enmity
• वैरम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• भ्रातृकृतम्: caused by (my) brother
• भ्रातृकृतम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भ्रातृ + कृत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (भ्रातुः कृतम् = 'done by (my) brother')

• भवेत्: would be
• भवेत्: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Characters & Entities

• Sampāti
• Rāvaṇa (piśitāśin)
• Jatāyu (implied by 'brother')

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as justice: wrongdoing (adharma) deserves an ответ grounded in righteousness—retaliation framed as restoring moral order, not mere cruelty.

What is the narrative situation?

Sampāti identifies Rāvaṇa as the perpetrator of a disgraceful act against his brother (Jatāyu) and declares a motive to oppose him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Loyalty to family allied with moral indignation—Sampāti’s grief becomes commitment to the righteous cause against Rāvaṇa.