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Shloka 10

कृतघ्ननिन्दा तथा सुग्रीवप्रबोधनम्

Condemnation of Ingratitude and Admonition of Sugriva

पूर्वं कृतार्थो मित्राणां न तत्प्रतिकरोति यः।कृतघ्नस्सर्वभूतानां स वध्यः प्लवगेश्वर।।।।

pūrvaṃ kṛtārtho mitrāṇāṃ na tatpratikaroti yaḥ | kṛtaghnaḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ sa vadhyaḥ plavageśvara ||

اے پلَوگوں کے اِشور! جو شخص پہلے دوستوں کے سہارے اپنا مطلب پورا کرے، پھر بدلے میں ان کا حق ادا نہ کرے—وہ سب جانداروں کے حق میں کृतघن (ناشکرا) ہے، اور وہ وध کے لائق ہے۔

pūrvamformerly
pūrvam:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpūrva (पूर्व प्रातिपदिक)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: formerly/first)
kṛtārthaḥone whose aim has been fulfilled
kṛtārthaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṛta (कृत) + artha (अर्थ)
Formतत्पुरुष (‘one whose purpose is accomplished’), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
mitrāṇāmof friends
mitrāṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootmitra (मित्र)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (न अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative; object ‘that’), एकवचन
pratikarotireturns (a favor) / repays
pratikaroti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootprati+kṛ (प्रति+कृ धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (यद् सर्वनाम)
Formसर्वनाम, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
kṛtaghnaḥungrateful
kṛtaghnaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṛta (कृत) + ghna (घ्न)
Formतत्पुरुष (‘killer of what is done’ = ungrateful), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
sarva-bhūtānāmof all beings
sarva-bhūtānām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (सर्व) + bhūta (भूत प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (‘of all beings’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम)
Formसर्वनाम, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
vadhyaḥdeserving to be killed
vadhyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvadhya (वध्य प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (predicate adjective: ‘to be killed’)
plavageśvaraO lord of monkeys
plavageśvara:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootplavaga (प्लवग) + īśvara (ईश्वर)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (‘lord of monkeys’), पुल्लिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

'O lord of monkeys! he who, having accomplished his task first with the help of his friend, does not return the help is ungrateful. Such a person deserves to be killed.It applies to all beings.

L
Lakṣmaṇa
S
Sugrīva (plavageśvara)
M
mitra (friendship)

FAQs

Kṛtajñatā (gratitude) and reciprocity are dharmic duties: taking help and failing to return it is adharma, treated as a grave moral offense.

Lakṣmaṇa admonishes Sugrīva for enjoying comforts and delaying the promised assistance to Rāma after having obtained Rāma’s help to regain kingship.

Lakṣmaṇa’s integrity and insistence on moral reciprocity; the virtue demanded of Sugrīva is gratitude expressed through timely action.