Shloka 8

पम्पा

तीर-वर्णनम् / Rama’s Lament at Pampa and the Approach to Rishyamuka

Devanagari script

अधिकं प्रविभात्येतन्नीलपीतं तु शाद्वलम्।द्रुमाणां विविधैः पुष्पैः परिस्तोमैरिवार्पितम्।।।।

Transliteration

adhikaṃ pravibhāty etan nīlapītaṃ tu śādvalam |

drumāṇāṃ vividhaiḥ puṣpaiḥ paristomair ivārpitam ||

Translation

یہ نیلاہٹ مائل زرد سبزہ زار اور بھی زیادہ جگمگاتا ہے، گویا درختوں سے گرے ہوئے گوناگوں پھولوں کی چادر بچھا دی گئی ہو۔

Word by Word

• अधिकम्: very much
• अधिकम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोग (adverbial accusative); 'exceedingly/very much'

• प्रविभाति: shines brightly
• प्रविभाति: क्रिया (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-भा (धातु) + प्र- (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; 'shines forth'

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; deictic pronoun 'this' (here subject)

• नील-पीतम्: blue-and-yellow
• नील-पीतम्: विशेषण (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नील (प्रातिपदिक) + पीत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास (नीलं च पीतं च); 'blue and yellowish'

• तु: but
• तु: सम्बन्ध/निपात (Particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (contrastive particle); 'but/indeed'

• शाद्वलम्: the grassy turf
• शाद्वलम्: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाद्वल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'grass/green turf' (subject-apposition with एतत्)

• द्रुमाणाम्: of the trees
• द्रुमाणाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रुम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन; 'of the trees'

• विविधैः: various
• विविधैः: विशेषण (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विविध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; agrees with पुष्पैः; 'with various'

• पुष्पैः: with flowers
• पुष्पैः: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुष्प (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; 'with flowers'

• परिस्तोमैः: with carpet-like coverings
• परिस्तोमैः: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिस्तोम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; 'with coverings/carpets (strewn layers)'

• इव: as if
• इव: सम्बन्ध/उपमान (Comparison/उपमान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमानवाचक-अव्यय (comparative particle); 'like/as if'

• अर्पितम्: spread/laid
• अर्पितम्: विशेषण (Predicate/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्प् (धातु) → अर्पित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; predicate adjective to शाद्वलम्; 'spread/laid'

Context

'There are trees like ankola, kuranta, churnaka, paribhadraka, mango, patali, kovidara, muchukunda, arjuna, ketaka, uddalaka, shirisha, shimshupa and shava, all in full bloom on the mountain peaks.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Pampā (implied by sarga context)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is indirect: Rāma’s disciplined attention to the world around him reflects steadiness and truthful perception (satya-darśana). Even in grief, he observes and speaks without distortion, modeling inner restraint.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa are near Lake Pampā in Kiṣkindhā-kāṇḍa, seeing spring’s beauty while Rāma remains inwardly afflicted by separation from Sītā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s sensitivity joined with composure: he perceives beauty clearly while carrying sorrow without abandoning self-control.