Shloka 34

Devanagari script

अदृश्यमाना वैदेही शोकं वर्धयते मम।दृश्यमानो वसन्तश्च स्वेदसंसर्गदूषकः।।।।

Transliteration

adṛśyamānā vaidehī śokaṃ vardhayate mama |

dṛśyamāno vasantaś ca sveda-saṃsarga-dūṣakaḥ ||

Translation

جب ویدیہی نظر نہیں آتی تو میرا غم بڑھ جاتا ہے؛ اور جب بسنت دکھائی دیتا ہے—وہ بسنت جو کبھی عاشقوں کے وصال کی پسینے بھری تھکن کو مٹا دیتا تھا—تو میرا دکھ اور گہرا ہو جاتا ہے۔

Word by Word

• adṛśyamānā: not being seen
• adṛśyamānā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of vaidehī
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-√dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Vartamāna-kṛdanta (वर्तमानकृदन्त), Śānac/Ātmanepada passive sense (शानच्), Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; 'being unseen'

• vaidehī: Vaidehi (Sita)
• vaidehī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaidehī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• śokam: grief
• śokam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śoka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• vardhayate: increases
• vardhayate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vṛdh (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (Present), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; ātmanepada (वर्धते/वर्धयते causative-like usage here: 'increases')

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana

• dṛśyamānaḥ: being seen, visible
• dṛśyamānaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of vasantaḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Vartamāna-kṛdanta (शानच्), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; 'being seen/visible'

• vasantaḥ: spring
• vasantaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vasanta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• sveda-saṃsarga-dūṣakaḥ: spoiling the sweat of union
• sveda-saṃsarga-dūṣakaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of vasantaḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sveda (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃsarga (प्रातिपदिक) + dūṣaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: sveda-saṃsargaṃ dūṣayati iti (spoiling/tainting sweat-contact; i.e., making one unfit for union)

Context

'When in place of Vaidehi I see spring (with its cool breeze) that used to take away the sweat generated by sensual enjoyment, my sorrow is intensified.

Characters & Entities

• Sita (Vaidehī)
• spring (vasanta)
• Rama

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights truthful acknowledgement of suffering (satya to one’s inner state) and loyal remembrance; pleasure-season imagery becomes a test of restraint, reinforcing marital fidelity as a dharmic commitment.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma contrasts the presence of spring with the absence of Sītā; what once enhanced conjugal joy now becomes painful because his rightful companion is missing.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Integrity in love: Rāma’s emotions remain anchored to Sītā alone, reflecting constancy rather than escapism.