Shloka 31

Devanagari script

अयं हि दयितस्तस्याः कालो रुचिरकाननः।कोकिलाकुलसीमान्तो दयिताया ममानघ।।।।

Transliteration

ayaṁ hi dayitas tasyāḥ kālo rucira-kānanaḥ |

kokilākula-sīmānto dayitāyā mamānagha ||

Translation

اے بےعیب! یہ موسم—یہ دلکش جنگل کا وقت، جس کی سرحدیں کوئلوں کی نغمہ ریزی سے بھری ہیں—میری محبوبہ سیتا کو نہایت عزیز ہے۔

Word by Word

• ayam: this
• ayam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• hi: indeed
• hi: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; emphatic particle

• dayitaḥ: dear
• dayitaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of kālaḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dayita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• tasyāḥ: of her
• tasyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana

• kālaḥ: time (spring season)
• kālaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (apposition to ayam)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• rucira-kānanaḥ: with lovely forests
• rucira-kānanaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of kālaḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rucira (प्रातिपदिक) + kānana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya: ruciraṃ kānanaṃ yasya (having a lovely forest)

• kokila-ākula-sīmāntaḥ: whose outskirts are crowded with cuckoos
• kokila-ākula-sīmāntaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of kālaḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kokila (प्रातिपदिक) + ākula (प्रातिपदिक) + sīmānta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; bahuvrīhi: kokilaiḥ ākulaḥ sīmāntaḥ yasya (whose borders are crowded with cuckoos)

• dayitāyāḥ: of (my) beloved
• dayitāyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dayitā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana

• anagha: O sinless one
• anagha: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anagha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Sambodhana, Ekavacana

Context

'O sinless one, the spring season is dear to my beloved Sita when the outskirts of the forest are filled with voices of the cockoo.

Characters & Entities

• Lakshmana (anagha/Saumitri—address)
• Sita (beloved)
• forest (kānana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is remembrance joined to responsibility: love is not mere sentiment but a commitment that motivates rightful action to reunite and protect.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma notes that spring—normally beloved to Sītā—now intensifies his sorrow because she is absent.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Tenderness and constancy: Rāma keeps Sītā’s likes and feelings present, reflecting faithful care.