Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 16, Shloka 9

पायसप्रादुर्भावः

The Manifestation of the Divine Payasa and the Avatara Resolution

Devanagari script

स चाप्यपुत्रो नृपतिस्तस्मिन्काले महाद्युति:।अयजत्पुत्रियामिष्टिं पुत्रेप्सुररिसूदन:।।।।

Transliteration

sa cāpy aputro nṛpatis tasmin kāle mahā-dyutiḥ | ayajat putriyām iṣṭiṁ putrepsur ari-sūdanaḥ ||

Translation

اور اُس وقت وہ مہاتेजس راجا—اگرچہ بے اولاد تھا—اولاد کی آرزو میں، دشمنوں کو کچلنے والا، پُترکامیَشٹی یَجیہ (پُتر پرابتھی کا یَجیہ) کرنے لگا۔

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); pronoun

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), additive/emphatic

• aputraḥ: sonless
• aputraḥ: Karta (कर्ता) [qualifier of nṛpatiḥ]
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-putra (प्रातिपदिक) [nañ-prefix]
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); negative adjective (नञ्)

• nṛpatiḥ: king
• nṛpatiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• tasmin: in that
• tasmin: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) [time-location]
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); demonstrative used adjectivally with kāle

• kāle: time
• kāle: Kāla-Adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• mahādyutiḥ: of great splendour
• mahādyutiḥ: Karta (कर्ता) [qualifier of nṛpatiḥ]
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā-dyuti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारय: mahā + dyuti (‘great’ + ‘splendour’)

• ayajat: performed (a sacrifice)
• ayajat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yaj (यज् धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• putriyām: for obtaining sons
• putriyām: Karma (कर्म) [qualifier of iṣṭim]
• Type: Adjective
• Root: putriyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying iṣṭim

• iṣṭim: sacrifice/rite
• iṣṭim: Karma (कर्म) [object of ayajat]
• Type: Noun
• Root: iṣṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• putrepsuḥ: desiring sons
• putrepsuḥ: Karta (कर्ता) [qualifier of nṛpatiḥ]
• Type: Adjective
• Root: putra-īpsu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: putra + īpsu (‘desiring sons’)

• arisūdanaḥ: slayer of enemies
• arisūdanaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) [qualifier of nṛpatiḥ]
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ari-sūdana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: ari + sūdana (‘enemy-slayer’)

Context

"O destroyer of foes! Lord Brahma was very pleased with Ravana's intense penance over a long time৷৷

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Householder-dharma values continuity of lineage and responsibility; desires (like for children) are pursued through sanctioned, ethical means (yajña), not through coercion or adharma.

What is the narrative situation?

Daśaratha, lacking sons, undertakes the son-bestowing sacrifice that will lead to the divine birth narrative.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Religious conscientiousness and lawful action—Daśaratha seeks a personal goal through dhārmic ritual observance.