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Valmiki Ramayana 2.109.10Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 109, Shloka 10

सत्यधर्मप्रतिपादनम्

Rama’s Defense of Truth and Dharma in Reply to Jabali

सत्यमेवानृशंसं च राजवृत्तं सनातनम्।तस्मात्सत्यात्मकं राज्यं सत्ये लोकः प्रतिष्ठितः।।2.109.10।।

satyam evānṛśaṃsaṃ ca rājavṛttaṃ sanātanam | tasmāt satyātmakaṃ rājyaṃ satye lokaḥ pratiṣṭhitaḥ ||

سچ ہی اور اَنृشंसَتا (بے رحمی سے پاک کرُونا) ہی راج دھرم کی سناتن ریت ہے۔ اس لیے راجیہ کو سچ پر قائم ہونا چاہیے؛ جگت کی پرتिष्ठا بھی سچ ہی پر ہے۔

सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
विशेष्य/विधेय (predicate-noun; also qualifies the following items by coordination)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter, nominative/accusative singular)
एवindeed, certainly
एव:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (emphatic particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्/अवधारणार्थक-निपातः (particle of emphasis/indeed)
अनृशंसम्non-cruel, compassionate, non-violent
अनृशंसम्:
विशेषण (qualifier of राजवृत्तम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनृशंस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter, nominative/accusative singular); विशेषणम्
and
:
सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय (coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम् (coordinating conjunction)
राजवृत्तम्royal conduct, kingly practice
राजवृत्तम्:
विधेय (predicate-noun; the thing described as satyam/anṛśaṃsam/sanātanam)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् + वृत्त (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter, nominative/accusative singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (राज्ञः वृत्तम् = royal conduct/ways)
सनातनम्eternal, ancient
सनातनम्:
विशेषण (qualifier of राजवृत्तम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter, nominative/accusative singular); विशेषणम्
तस्मात्therefore, from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
हेतु/निमित्त (cause/reason marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formतस्मात् इति हेत्वर्थक-अव्ययप्रयोगः (ablative used adverbially: 'therefore/from that reason')
सत्यात्मकम्having truth as its essence, truthful in nature
सत्यात्मकम्:
विशेषण (qualifier of राज्यम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्य + आत्मक (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter, nominative/accusative singular); उपपद/तत्पुरुष-समासः (सत्यं आत्मा यस्य/सत्यं आत्मत्वेन यस्य = of the nature of truth); विशेषणम्
राज्यम्kingdom, rule
राज्यम्:
कर्ता (subject: 'the kingdom')
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter, nominative singular); कर्तृपद-स्थानम्
सत्येin truth, on truth
सत्ये:
अधिकरण (locus: 'in/on truth')
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे सप्तमी विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter, locative singular)
लोकःthe world, people
लोकः:
कर्ता (subject: 'the world/people')
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (masculine, nominative singular)
प्रतिष्ठितःis established, stands firm
प्रतिष्ठितः:
क्रिया/विधेय (predicate: 'is established')
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति + √स्था (धातु) → प्रतिष्ठित (कृदन्त; क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्तः भूतकर्मणि/भूतभावे कृदन्तः; पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (past passive participle used predicatively; masculine nominative singular)

Truth and non-violence are the perpetual principles of kings. Therefore, a kingdom is based on truth. This world is firmly established in truth.

R
Rāma
J
Jābāli

FAQs

Rājadharma is defined as satya (truthfulness) joined with anṛśaṃsā (non-cruel compassion); legitimate rule and social order depend on truth.

Rāma begins his philosophical rebuttal: he rejects counsel that undermines moral foundations and reasserts truth as the basis of governance.

Moral leadership: Rāma articulates kingship as ethical responsibility, not mere power or pleasure.

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