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Shloka 2

शूर्पणखाया रावणं प्रति नीत्युपदेशः

Surpanakha’s Political Admonition to Ravana

प्रमत्तः कामभोगेषु स्वैरवृत्तो निरङ्कुशः।समुत्पन्नं भयं घोरं बोद्धव्यं नावबुध्यसे।।।।

pramattaḥ kāmabhogeṣu svairavṛtto niraṅkuśaḥ | samutpannaṃ bhayaṃ ghoraṃ boddhavyaṃ nāvabudhyase ||

تم کام بھوگ کے نشے میں مدہوش، اپنی مرضی کے تابع اور بے لگام ہو کر، جو ہولناک خطرہ اُٹھ کھڑا ہوا ہے اسے سمجھتے ہی نہیں—حالانکہ یہی وہ بات ہے جسے تمہیں جاننا چاہیے۔

pramattaḥcareless; intoxicated
pramattaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpramatta (प्रातिपदिक; mad-धातोः क्त)
Formक्त-कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग/Masculine; प्रथमा/Nominative (1st), एकवचन/Singular
kāma-bhogeṣuin sensual pleasures
kāma-bhogeṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootkāma (प्रातिपदिक) + bhoga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष: ‘कामस्य भोगाः’; पुंलिङ्ग/Masculine; सप्तमी/Locative (7th), बहुवचन/Plural
svaira-vṛttaḥacting at will; unrestrained in conduct
svaira-vṛttaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsvaira (प्रातिपदिक) + vṛtta (प्रातिपदिक; vṛt-धातोः क्त)
Formकर्मधारय: ‘स्वैरं वृत्तं यस्य/स्वैरवृत्तः’; पुंलिङ्ग/Masculine; प्रथमा/Nominative (1st), एकवचन/Singular
niraṅkuśaḥungoaded; uncontrolled
niraṅkuśaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootnir-aṅkuśa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि: ‘अङ्कुशो नास्ति यस्य’; पुंलिङ्ग/Masculine; प्रथमा/Nominative (1st), एकवचन/Singular
samutpannamarisen
samutpannam:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsam-utpanna (प्रातिपदिक; utpad-धातोः क्त)
Formक्त-कृदन्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग/Neuter; द्वितीया/Accusative (2nd), एकवचन/Singular; ‘भयम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषण
bhayamfear
bhayam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootbhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/Neuter; द्वितीया/Accusative (2nd), एकवचन/Singular
ghoramterrible
ghoram:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootghora (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/Neuter; द्वितीया/Accusative (2nd), एकवचन/Singular; ‘भयम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषण
boddhavyamshould be understood
boddhavyam:
Kriyā (क्रिया/predicative necessity)
TypeVerb
Rootbudh (धातु)
Formतव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive/passive necessity); नपुंसकलिङ्ग/Neuter; प्रथमा/Nominative (1st), एकवचन/Singular; विधेय (‘ought to be understood’)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
avabudhyaseyou understand
avabudhyase:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootava-budh (धातु)
Formलट्/Present; मध्यमपुरुष/2nd person, एकवचन/Singular; आत्मनेपद

Since you have not engaged any spy you do not know when your own relatives were killed in Janasthana. I take you to be a fool surrounded by ordinary ministers.

R
Rāvaṇa

FAQs

Self-restraint and clear judgment are essential to dharma; a ruler or leader must not let kāma (desire) and pramāda (heedlessness) blind them to real dangers and duties.

A counselor warns Rāvaṇa that his indulgence and lack of restraint prevent him from recognizing the grave threat that has already arisen.

Prudence and self-control (saṃyama): the capacity to govern oneself before attempting to govern others.