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Shloka 43

Adhyāya 55: Pārtha–Rādheya Saṃvāda and Tactical Exchange

Chapter 55

ध्वजे कमण्डलुर्यस्य शातकौम्भमय: शुभ: । आचार्य एष हि द्रोण: सर्वशस्त्रभृतां वर:,जिनकी ध्वजामें सुन्दर सुवर्णमय कमण्डलु सुशोभित है, ये सम्पूर्ण शस्त्रधारियोंमें श्रेष्ठ आचार्य द्रोण हैं

dhvaje kamaṇḍalur yasya śātakaumbhamayaḥ śubhaḥ | ācārya eṣa hi droṇaḥ sarvaśastrabhṛtāṃ varaḥ ||

‘جس کے عَلَم پر روشن سنہری دھات کا مبارک کمندلو سجا ہے— وہی آچاریہ دروṇ ہیں، تمام ہتھیار برداروں میں سب سے برتر۔’

ध्वजेin/on the banner (flag)
ध्वजे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कमण्डलुःwater-pot (kamandalu)
कमण्डलुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकमण्डलु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यस्यwhose
यस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
शातकौम्भमयःmade of gold (śātakaumbha-gold)
शातकौम्भमयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशातकौम्भमय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शुभःauspicious/beautiful
शुभः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आचार्यःteacher, preceptor
आचार्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआचार्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एषःthis (man)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
द्रोणःDroṇa
द्रोणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वशस्त्रभृताम्of all weapon-bearers
सर्वशस्त्रभृताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वशस्त्रभृत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
वरःbest, excellent
वरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
D
Droṇa
D
dhvaja (banner/standard)
K
kamaṇḍalu
Ś
śātakaumbha (gold)

Educational Q&A

Even in warfare, discernment and moral awareness remain essential: Arjuna’s recognition of Droṇa as ‘ācārya’ underscores that opponents may be venerable figures, and that kṣatriya duty can collide with obligations of respect and gratitude toward one’s teacher.

Arjuna is identifying warriors by their distinguishing emblems. Seeing a banner marked by a golden kamaṇḍalu, he points out that the warrior is Droṇa, renowned as the greatest among weapon-bearers, thereby situating the coming conflict within a personal and ethical frame.