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Shloka 3

Draupadī’s Rebuke of Jayadratha and Dhaumya’s Admonition (Āraṇyaka-parva, Adhyāya 252)

त्वमल्पबुद्धया नृपते प्राणानुत्स्रष्टमर्हसि । अथवाप्यवगच्छामि न वृद्धा: सेवितास्त्वया

tvam alpabuddhyā nṛpate prāṇān utsraṣṭum arhasi | athavāpy avagacchāmi na vṛddhāḥ sevitās tvayā, nareśvara |

ویشَمپاین نے کہا—اے نریشور! کم فہمی کے باعث ہی تم آج جان دینے پر تُلے ہو؛ یا پھر میں یہ سمجھتا ہوں کہ تم نے کبھی بزرگوں کی صحبت اور ان کی نصیحت سے فائدہ نہیں اٹھایا۔

त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
अल्पबुद्ध्याwith little understanding / due to poor judgment
अल्पबुद्ध्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअल्पबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
नृपतेO king
नृपते:
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्राणान्life-breaths / life
प्राणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उत्स्रष्टुम्to abandon / to give up
उत्स्रष्टुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootउत्-√सृज्
FormInfinitive, —, —
अर्हसिyou ought / you deserve / you should
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Root√अर्ह्
FormPresent, Second, Singular
अथवाor else
अथवा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथवा
अपिalso / even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अवगच्छामिI understand / I infer
अवगच्छामि:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-√गम्
FormPresent, First, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वृद्धाःelders / old men
वृद्धाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सेविताःserved / attended
सेविताः:
TypeVerb
Root√सेव्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Past passive participle (kta)
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
नरेश्वरO lord of men (king)
नरेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
N
nṛpati (a king, addressed)
V
vṛddhāḥ (elders)

Educational Q&A

A king should not abandon life out of confused or immature thinking; wise conduct is shaped by seeking the guidance and example of elders. The verse frames self-destruction as a failure of discernment and of proper mentorship.

Vaiśampāyana rebukes a king who is inclined to give up his life, attributing this impulse to ‘small-minded’ judgment and suggesting that the king’s lack of association with elders has left him without stabilizing counsel.