Shloka 10

Sanatsujāta on Vedic Learning, Truth (Satya), and the Discipline of Dama–Tyāga–Apramāda

Devanagari script

गुरु शिष्यो नित्यमभिवादयीत स्वाध्यायमिच्छेच्छुचिरप्रमत्त: । मान॑ न कुर्यान्नादधीत रोष- मेष प्रथमो ब्रह्मचर्यस्थ पाद:

Transliteration

guruḥ śiṣyo nityam abhivādayīta svādhyāyam icchec chucir apramattaḥ | mānaṁ na kuryān nādadhīta roṣam eṣa prathamo brahmacaryastha pādaḥ ||

Translation

برہماچری شاگرد کو چاہیے کہ وہ روزانہ گرو کو سلام و تعظیم کرے، ظاہر و باطن سے پاک رہے اور غفلت چھوڑ کر سوادھیائے (مقدس مطالعہ) میں دل لگائے۔ نہ غرور پالے اور نہ دل میں غصّے کو جگہ دے۔ یہی برہماچریہ کا پہلا قدم ہے۔

Word by Word

• {'guruḥ': 'teacher, spiritual preceptor', 'śiṣyaḥ': 'student, disciple', 'nityam': 'always, daily', 'abhivādayīta': 'should salute, should respectfully greet', 'svādhyāya': 'self-study

• recitation/study of sacred texts (especially Veda)', 'icchet': 'should desire, should seek', 'śuciḥ': 'pure, clean (externally and internally)', 'apramattaḥ': 'not negligent

• vigilant, attentive', 'māna': 'pride, self-conceit, arrogance', 'na kuryāt': 'should not do/commit', 'na ādadhīta': 'should not place/harbor (within oneself)', 'roṣa': 'anger, wrath', 'eṣa': 'this', 'prathamaḥ': 'first', 'brahmacarya': 'student-discipline

• celibate/regulated life devoted to learning and self-control', 'pādaḥ': 'step, quarter, stage'}

Speaker

सनत्सुजात उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanatsujāta
• guru (teacher)
• śiṣya (student)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The first step of brahmacarya is disciplined student conduct: daily respectful salutation to the guru, purity, vigilant dedication to svādhyāya, and inner restraint—especially avoiding pride and anger.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Udyoga Parva dialogue, Sanatsujāta instructs on dharma and inner mastery; here he outlines foundational rules for a brahmacārin (student) as part of a broader ethical teaching given amid the pre-war counsel.