Shloka 35

गौएँ गन्धसे, ब्राह्मणलोग वेदोंसे, राजा गुप्तचरोंसे और अन्य साधारण लोग आँखोंसे देखा करते हैं ।। भूयांसं लभते क्लेशं या गौर्भवति दुर्दुहा । अथ या सुदुहा राजन नैव तां वितुदन्त्यपि,राजन्‌! जो गाय बड़ी कठिनाईसे दुहने देती है, वह बहुत क्लेश उठाती है; किंतु जो आसानीसे दूध देती है, उसे लोग कष्ट नहीं देते

gāvo gandhasena brāhmaṇā vedaiḥ rājā guptacaraiḥ anye ca sāmānyā janā netraiḥ paśyanti || bhūyāṁsaṁ labhate kleśaṁ yā gaur bhavati durduhā | atha yā suduhā rājan naiva tāṁ vitudanty api ||

گائیں اپنی بو سے پہچانی جاتی ہیں، برہمن ویدوں سے، بادشاہ اپنے خفیہ کارندوں سے، اور عام لوگ آنکھوں سے دیکھی ہوئی بات سے۔ جو گائے مشکل سے دودھ دیتی ہے وہ خود بہت تکلیف اٹھاتی ہے؛ مگر جو آسانی سے دودھ دے، اسے کوئی ستاتا نہیں۔

भूयांसम्greater/more (amount)
भूयांसम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभूयस्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
लभतेobtains/gets
लभते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootलभ्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
क्लेशम्trouble, distress
क्लेशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्लेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
याwhich (she who)
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
गौःcow
गौः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भवतिbecomes/is
भवति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दुर्दुहाhard to milk
दुर्दुहा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्दुह
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अथthen/and further
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
याwhich (she who)
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सुदुहाeasy to milk
सुदुहा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुह
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
ताम्her/that (cow)
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वितुदन्तिthey prod/torment
वितुदन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-तुद्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
king (rājā / rājan)
C
cows (gāvaḥ / gauḥ)
B
brahmins (brāhmaṇāḥ)
V
Vedas (vedāḥ)
S
secret agents/spies (guptacarāḥ)
E
eyes (netra)

Educational Q&A

Vidura teaches that conduct shapes consequences: resistance expressed as harshness invites force and suffering, while gentleness and readiness to cooperate reduce harm. He also highlights how different beings are recognized by their defining signs—learning, intelligence systems, or direct perception—urging a ruler to understand people through appropriate means.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura offers counsel in a tense pre-war setting. Using everyday analogies (cow, brahmin, king, common people), he advises the addressed king on prudent governance and on avoiding actions that provoke coercion and escalation.