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Shloka 29

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 28: Dharmādharmalakṣaṇa in Āpad

Crisis-Discernment of Right and Wrong

यदा गृध्येत्‌ परभूतौ नृशंसो विधिप्रकोपाद्‌ बलमाददान: । ततो राज्ञामभवद्‌ युद्धमेतत्‌ तत्र जात॑ वर्म शस्त्र धनुश्च,जब कोई क्रूर मनुष्य दूसरेकी धन-सम्पत्तिमें लालच रखकर उसे ले लेनेकी इच्छा करता है और विधाताके कोपसे (परपीडनके लिये) सेना-संग्रह करने लगता है, उस समय राजाओंमें युद्धका अवसर उपस्थित होता है। इस युद्धके लिये ही कवच, अस्त्र-शस्त्र और धनुषका आविष्कार हुआ है इति श्रीमहाभारते उद्योगपर्वणि सञ्जययानपर्वणि कृष्णवाक्ये एकोनत्रिंशो 5ध्याय:

yadā gṛdhyet parabhūtau nṛśaṁso vidhiprakopād balam ādadānaḥ | tato rājñām abhavad yuddham etat tatra jātaṁ varma śastra dhanuś ca ||

جب کوئی سنگدل آدمی دوسرے کے مال و دولت پر لالچ کرتا ہے اور تقدیر کے قہر سے اُکسایا ہوا، ظلم و ستم کے لیے قوت جمع کرنے لگتا ہے، تب بادشاہوں کے درمیان جنگ کا موقع پیدا ہوتا ہے۔ اسی جنگ کے لیے زرہ، ہتھیار اور کمان وجود میں آئے—یہ سب نزاع اور لالچ کی پیداوار ہیں۔

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
गृध्येत्would covet / becomes greedy
गृध्येत्:
TypeVerb
Rootगृध्
FormVidhi-linga, present (potential/optative sense), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
परभूतौin another's prosperity/wealth
परभूतौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपरभूति
Formfeminine, locative, singular
नृशंसःa cruel man
नृशंसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनृशंस
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
विधि-प्रकोपात्from fate's/ordainer's wrath
विधि-प्रकोपात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootविधिप्रकोप
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
बलम्army/force
बलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबल
Formneuter, accusative, singular
आददानःtaking/collecting
आददानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-दा
Formpresent active participle (शतृ), masculine, nominative, singular, active
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
अभवत्arose/occurred
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormLan, imperfect (past), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
युद्धम्war
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
Formneuter, nominative, singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
तत्रthere/in that context
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
जातम्arisen/produced
जातम्:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
Formpast passive participle (क्त), neuter, nominative, singular, passive
वर्मarmor
वर्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्मन्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
शस्त्रम्weapon
शस्त्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशस्त्र
Formneuter, nominative, singular
धनुःbow
धनुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva (speaker)
K
kings (rājānaḥ)
A
armor (varma)
W
weapons (śastra)
B
bow (dhanuḥ)
A
army/force (bala)

Educational Q&A

War is portrayed as arising when ruthless greed targets another’s wealth and power is amassed for oppression; weapons and armor are thus framed as products of moral failure and conflict rather than ideals in themselves.

Vāyudeva explains to the listener(s) a causal chain: covetousness and cruelty lead a person to gather an army under the pressure of destiny’s wrath, which then creates a situation where kings go to war; the verse concludes by linking the very invention/appearance of martial equipment to such warfare.