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Shloka 52

अम्बा–राम–भीष्म संवादः

Amba–Rama–Bhishma Dialogue on Vow and Refuge

ब्रह्महत्या न तस्य स्यादिति धर्मेषु निश्चय: । क्षत्रियाणां स्थितो धर्मे क्षत्रियोडस्मि तपोधन,“यदि ब्राह्मण भी क्षत्रियकी भाँति धनुष-बाण उठाकर युद्धमें क्रोधपूर्वक सामने आकर युद्ध करने लगे और पीठ दिखाकर भागे नहीं तो उसे इस दशामें देखकर जो योद्धा मार डालता है, उसे ब्रह्महत्याका दोष नहीं लगता, यह धर्मशास्त्रोंका निर्णय है। तपोधन! मैं क्षत्रिय हूँ और क्षत्रियोंके ही धर्ममें स्थित हूँ

brahmahatyā na tasya syād iti dharmeṣu niścayaḥ | kṣatriyāṇāṃ sthito dharme kṣatriyo ’smi tapodhana |

دھرم شاستروں میں اس بات کا قطعی فیصلہ ہے کہ اس پر برہمن ہتیا کا گناہ نہیں لگتا۔ اگر کوئی برہمن کشتریہ کی طرح کمان اور تیر اٹھا کر غضب کے ساتھ سامنے آ کر جنگ کرے اور پیٹھ دکھا کر نہ بھاگے، تو اسے اسی حالت میں دیکھ کر جو یودھا اسے مار ڈالے، اس پر برہمن ہتیا کا داغ نہیں آتا۔ اے تپودھن! میں کشتریہ ہوں اور کشتریہ دھرم میں قائم ہوں۔

ब्रह्महत्याBrahmin-slaying (sin of killing a Brahmin)
ब्रह्महत्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्महत्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तस्यof him/for him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
स्यात्would be / should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (भू)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
धर्मेषुin the dharmas / in the law-texts
धर्मेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
निश्चयःdecision, determination
निश्चयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियाणाम्of Kshatriyas
क्षत्रियाणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
स्थितःstanding, abiding
स्थितः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मेin (their) duty/law
धर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent (Lat), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
तपोधनO ascetic (one whose wealth is austerity)
तपोधन:
TypeNoun
Rootतपोधन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

राम उवाच

R
Rāma
B
Brahmin (brāhmaṇa)
K
Kṣatriya (kṣatriya)
B
bow (dhanus)
A
arrows (bāṇa)

Educational Q&A

Moral culpability is assessed by role and conduct in a given situation: when a Brahmin adopts the kṣatriya’s battlefield posture and engages as a combatant, the act of killing him in that combat is treated under the rules of war rather than as brahmahatyā; the speaker grounds this in dharma-textual precedent and affirms his own kṣatriya duty.

Rāma addresses an ascetic (tapodhana) and justifies a wartime ethical rule: he states that dharma authorities hold that killing a Brahmin who has entered battle like a kṣatriya does not bring the specific sin of Brahmin-slaying, and he frames his stance as consistent with his identity and obligations as a kṣatriya.