Shloka 55

परवीर्य समाश्रित्य यः समाह्दयते परान्‌ | अशक्त: स्वयमादातुमेतदेव नपुंसकम्‌,“जो स्वयं सामना करनेमें असमर्थ होनेके कारण दूसरोंके पराक्रमका भरोसा करके शत्रुओंको युद्धके लिये ललकारता है, उसका यह कार्य उसकी नपुंसकताका ही सूचक है

paravīrya samāśritya yaḥ samāhvayate parān | aśaktaḥ svayam ādātuṃ etad eva napuṃsakam ||

سنجے نے کہا—جو شخص خود مقابلہ کرنے سے عاجز ہو کر دوسروں کی شجاعت کے سہارے دشمنوں کو جنگ کے لیے للکارتا ہے، اس کا یہی فعل اس کی نامردی اور بزدلی کی علامت ہے۔

परवीर्यम्others' valor
परवीर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपर-वीर्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समाश्रित्यhaving resorted to / relying on
समाश्रित्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-श्रि
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समाह्वयतेchallenges / calls out
समाह्वयते:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-ह्वे
FormLat (Present), Ātmanepada, 3rd, Singular
परान्others; enemies
परान्:
Karma
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अशक्तःunable
अशक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-शक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वयम्oneself
स्वयम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
आदातुम्to take up / to undertake
आदातुम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootआ-दा
Formतुमुन् (infinitive), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed; just
एव:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
नपुंसकम्unmanliness; impotence; cowardice
नपुंसकम्:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootनपुंसक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that provoking conflict while depending on others to bear the real risk is ethically blameworthy; courage is measured by one’s own readiness to face consequences, not by loud challenges supported by borrowed power.

In the Udyoga Parva’s pre-war tensions, Sanjaya comments on the moral quality of a person who issues battle challenges while lacking the personal capacity to meet them, framing such posturing as a sign of cowardice rather than heroism.