Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 52

Pāṇḍava-senā-niryāṇa and Vyūha-vibhāga (पाण्डवसेनानिर्याण तथा व्यूहविभाग)

पाण्डवेषु सदा पाप नित्यं जिद्ठां प्रवर्तसे । स्ववीर्याद्‌ यः पराक्रम्य पाप आह्वयते परान्‌ । अभीत: पूरयन्‌ वाक्यमेष वै क्षत्रिय: पुमान्‌,“पापी दुर्योधन! तू पाण्डवोंके साथ सदा कुटिल बर्ताव करता आ रहा है। पापात्मन्‌! जो किसीसे भयभीत न होकर अपने वचनोंका पालन करता है और अपने ही बाहुबलसे पराक्रम प्रकट करके शत्रुओंको युद्धके लिये बुलाता है, वही पुरुष क्षत्रिय है

sañjaya uvāca | pāṇḍaveṣu sadā pāpa nityaṃ jihmāṃ pravartase | svavīryād yaḥ parākramya pāpa āhvayate parān | abhītaḥ pūrayan vākyam eṣa vai kṣatriyaḥ pumān |

سنجے نے کہا—اے گنہگار! تو پاندَووں کے ساتھ ہمیشہ کج روی کرتا آیا ہے۔ اے بدکردار! سچا کشتری وہ مرد ہے جو بے خوف اپنے عہد کو پورا کرے، اور اپنے ہی بازوؤں کے بل پر شجاعت دکھا کر دشمنوں کو جنگ کے لیے علانیہ للکارے۔

पाण्डवेषुamong/with regard to the Pandavas
पाण्डवेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
पापO sinful one
पाप:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Vocative, Singular
नित्यम्constantly
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
जिह्वाम्tongue (speech)
जिह्वाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजिह्वा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रवर्तसेyou set in motion / you engage (in)
प्रवर्तसे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√वृत्
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Atmanepada
स्ववीर्यात्by/through one’s own prowess
स्ववीर्यात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्व-वीर्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पराक्रम्यhaving exerted valor / having shown prowess
पराक्रम्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootपरा√क्रम्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Active
पापO sinful one
पाप:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Vocative, Singular
आह्वयतेcalls/challenges
आह्वयते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ√ह्वा
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
परान्others (opponents)
परान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अभीतःfearless
अभीतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-भीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पूरयन्fulfilling
पूरयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपूरयत् (causative of √पॄ/√पूर्)
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
वाक्यम्word/promise
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एषःthis (man)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
क्षत्रियःKshatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुमान्man
पुमान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुमांस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
P
Pāṇḍavas

Educational Q&A

The verse defines kṣatriya conduct ethically: a true warrior is fearless, keeps his pledged word, relies on his own strength, and challenges opponents openly—contrasted with deceitful, crooked behavior toward the Pāṇḍavas.

Sañjaya delivers a sharp moral rebuke, condemning persistent duplicity toward the Pāṇḍavas and asserting the standard of honorable kṣatriya behavior—truthfulness, courage, and open challenge in war.