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Shloka 16

Udyoga Parva Adhyāya 132 — Vidura’s Counsel on Udyama, Yaśas, and Kṣātra-Dharma

कृत्वा मानुष्यकं कर्म सृत्वाजिं यावदुत्तमम्‌ । धर्मस्यानृण्यमाप्रोति न चात्मानं विगर्हते,वीर पुरुष युद्धमें जाकर यथाशक्ति उत्तम पुरुषार्थ प्रकट करके धर्मके ऋणसे उऋण होता है और अपनी निन्दा नहीं कराता है

kṛtvā mānuṣyakaṃ karma sṛtvājiṃ yāvad uttamam | dharmasyānṛṇyam āpnoti na cātmānaṃ vigarhate ||

جو بہادر مرد انسان کے شایانِ شان فرض ادا کرتا ہے—میدانِ جنگ میں اتر کر—اپنی پوری طاقت کے مطابق اعلیٰ ترین مردانگی دکھاتا ہے، وہ دھرم کے قرض سے سبک دوش ہو جاتا ہے اور خود ملامتی کا مستحق نہیں بنتا۔

कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund), कर्तरि
मानुष्यकम्human (befitting a man)
मानुष्यकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुष्यक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कर्मdeed, act
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सृत्वाhaving gone/advanced (having proceeded)
सृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootसृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund), कर्तरि
अजिंbattle, combat
अजिं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअजि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यावत्as much as; as far as
यावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयावत् (अव्यय/संबन्ध-शब्द)
Formपरिमाण/सीमा (as far as, as much as)
उत्तमम्best, excellent
उत्तमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धर्मस्यof dharma; of duty/righteousness
धर्मस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अनृण्यम्freedom from debt; discharge (of obligation)
अनृण्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनृण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आप्नोतिattains, obtains
आप्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootआप् (धातु)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, परस्मैपद
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formnegation
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formconjunction
आत्मानम्oneself
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विगर्हतेblames/censures (himself); feels self-reproach
विगर्हते:
TypeVerb
Rootगर्ह् (धातु) उपसर्ग: वि
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, आत्मनेपद

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva (speaker)
Ā
āji (battle)

Educational Q&A

One should perform one’s rightful human duty with full effort; by acting up to one’s capacity in a righteous cause, a person becomes free of obligation to dharma and avoids the inner stain of self-reproach.

Vāyudeva is instructing about the ethical value of courageous action in battle: a hero who enters combat and strives to the utmost fulfills dharma’s claim upon him and preserves his honor and self-respect.