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Shloka 19

Vāmadeva’s Rājadharma: Norm-Setting, Counsel, and the Prevention of Rāṣṭra-Vināśa (वामदेव-प्रोक्तं राजधर्मम्)

ये केचित्‌ भूमिपतय: सर्वास्तानन्ववेक्षयेत्‌ । सुहृद्धिरनभिख्यातैस्तेन राजातिरिच्यते,जो राजा अपने अप्रसिद्ध सुहृदोंके द्वारा गुप्तरूपसे समस्त भूपतियोंकी अवस्थाका निरीक्षण कराता है, वह अपने इस बर्तावके द्वारा सर्वश्रेष्ठ हो जाता है

ye kecid bhūmipatayaḥ sarvāṁs tān anvavekṣayet | suhṛdbhir anabhikhyātaiḥ tena rājātiricyate ||

وام دیو نے کہا—جو بھی بھوپتی ہوں، راجا کو ان سب پر نظر رکھنی چاہیے۔ جو راجا ایسے معتمد دوستوں کے ذریعے، جو عوام میں معروف نہ ہوں، تمام دوسرے راجاؤں کی حالت اور نیت کا خفیہ مشاہدہ کراتا ہے، وہ اسی تدبیر سے حکمرانوں میں ممتاز ہو جاتا ہے۔

येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केचित्some, certain
केचित्:
TypePronoun
Rootक + चित्
भूमिपतयःkings, lords of the earth
भूमिपतयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूमिपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अन्ववेक्षयेत्should observe/inspect, should keep under watch
अन्ववेक्षयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + अव + ईक्ष्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सुहृद्भिःby friends, by well-wishers
सुहृद्भिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसुहृद्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अनभिख्यातैःby unknown/unfamed (persons)
अनभिख्यातैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनभिख्यात
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तेनby that, thereby
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अतिरिच्यतेexcels, surpasses, becomes pre-eminent
अतिरिच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootअति + रिच्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (passive-like sense)

वामदेव उवाच

V
Vāmadeva
K
king (rājā)
O
other kings/rulers (bhūmipatayaḥ)
T
trusted friends/agents (suhṛd)

Educational Q&A

A ruler should maintain informed vigilance about other rulers through discreet, trustworthy, and publicly unknown agents; strategic awareness and secrecy, used responsibly, make a king excel in governance.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rāja-dharma, the sage Vāmadeva advises the king on practical statecraft: to assess the situation of all other kings by employing trusted but unrecognized friends who can observe and report without drawing attention.