Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 22

Cāturāśramya-dharma—Marks of the Four Āśramas (चातुराश्रम्यधर्मः)

एतान्येवंप्रकाराणि विहितानि पुरानघ । सर्वलोकस्य कर्माणि कर्तव्यानीह पार्थिव,निष्पाप नरेश! इस प्रकार प्रजापति ब्रह्माने सब मनुष्योंके कर्तव्य पहले ही निर्दिष्ट कर दिये हैं। उन दस्युओंको भी इनका यथावत्‌ रूपसे पालन करना चाहिये

etāny evaṁprakārāṇi vihitāni purānagha | sarvalokasya karmāṇi kartavyānīha pārthiva || niṣpāpa nareśa |

اے بےگناہ بادشاہ! اس طرح کے فرائض قدیم زمانے ہی میں مقرر کر دیے گئے تھے۔ اے فرمانروائے زمین! اس دنیا میں سب لوگوں کو انہی کے مطابق عمل کرنا چاہیے؛ اور لُوٹ مار سے جینے والوں کو بھی ان احکام کی پوری طرح پابندی کرنی چاہیے۔

एतानिthese (things/duties)
एतानि:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
एवंthus
एवं:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
प्रकाराणिkinds, modes
प्रकाराणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकार
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
विहितानिprescribed, laid down
विहितानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-धा (धातु) → विहित (कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
पुराformerly, earlier
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
अनघO sinless one
अनघ:
TypeNoun (Vocative epithet)
Rootअनघ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सर्वलोकस्यof all the world/people
सर्वलोकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वलोक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
कर्माणिduties, actions
कर्माणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
कर्तव्यानिto be done, obligatory
कर्तव्यानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) → कर्तव्य (कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
इहhere (in this world/context)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun (Vocative epithet)
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
निष्पापO sinless one
निष्पाप:
TypeNoun/Adjective (Vocative epithet)
Rootनिष्पाप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नरेशO lord of men, O king
नरेश:
TypeNoun (Vocative)
Rootनरेश
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

इन्द्र उवाच

I
Indra
K
King (addressed as pārthiva/nareśa)
A
All people (sarvaloka)
P
Prajāpati Brahmā (implied by the accompanying Hindi gloss)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is not optional or private: the duties appropriate to human life were established long ago and are binding on all. Even those inclined to wrongdoing are urged to conform to the ordained moral order.

Indra addresses a king, reminding him that the framework of prescribed duties for society is ancient and authoritative, and that the ruler should uphold and expect adherence to these duties across all groups.