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Shloka 16

Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)

अविक्षतेन देहेन समराद्‌ यो निवर्तते । क्षत्रियो नास्य तत्‌ कर्म प्रशंसन्ति पुराविद:,जो क्षत्रिय शरीरपर घाव हुए बिना ही समर-भूमिसे लौट आता है, उसके इस कर्मकी पुरातन धर्मको जाननेवाले विद्वान्‌ प्रशंसा नहीं करते हैं

avikṣatena dehena samarād yo nivartate | kṣatriyo nāsya tat karma praśaṃsanti purāvidaḥ ||

جو کشتریہ اپنے بدن پر ایک بھی زخم لیے بغیر میدانِ جنگ سے پلٹ آتا ہے، قدیم دھرم کے جاننے والے دانا اس کے اس عمل کی تعریف نہیں کرتے۔

अविक्षतेनwith an unwounded (uninjured)
अविक्षतेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअविक्षत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
देहेनbody
देहेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदेह
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
समरात्from battle
समरात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निवर्ततेreturns, withdraws
निवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootनि + वृत्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya (warrior)
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्यof him, his
अस्य:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कर्मdeed, act
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रशंसन्तिpraise
प्रशंसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + शंस्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
पुराविदःknowers of ancient lore/tradition
पुराविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुराविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
kshatriya
B
battlefield (samara)

Educational Q&A

Within kshatriya-dharma, honor lies in facing danger and fulfilling one’s martial duty; withdrawing from battle without even being wounded is censured by authorities on ancient dharma as conduct unworthy of praise.

Bhishma is instructing on standards of warrior conduct: he states that learned upholders of traditional dharma do not commend a kshatriya who returns from combat without having borne any injury, implying he avoided proper engagement.