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Shloka 16

राजधर्मस्य नवनीतम्—रक्षा, दण्ड, चार, उत्थान

Rājadharma’s ‘Essence’: Protection, Punishment, Intelligence, and Royal Diligence

उत्थानहीनो राजा हि बुद्धिमानपि नित्यश: । प्रधर्षणीय: शत्रूणां भुजड़ इव निर्विष:,“जो राजा उद्योगहीन होता है, वह बुद्धिमान होनेपर भी विषहीन सर्पके समान सदैव शत्रुओंके द्वारा परास्त होता रहता है

utthānahīno rājā hi buddhimān api nityaśaḥ | pradharṣaṇīyaḥ śatrūṇāṃ bhujaṅga iva nirviṣaḥ ||

جو بادشاہ سعی و کوشش سے محروم ہو، وہ دانا ہونے کے باوجود ہمیشہ دشمنوں کے لیے آسانی سے مغلوب ہونے والا بن جاتا ہے—گویا بےزہر سانپ۔

उत्थानहीनःdevoid of effort/enterprise
उत्थानहीनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्थानहीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
बुद्धिमान्intelligent
बुद्धिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबुद्धिमन्त्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven/although
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
नित्यशःalways/constantly
नित्यशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्यशस्
प्रधर्षणीयःliable to be overpowered/assailable
प्रधर्षणीयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रधर्षणीय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शत्रूणाम्of enemies
शत्रूणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भुजगःsnake
भुजगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभुजग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
निर्विषःwithout poison/venomless
निर्विषः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्विष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
E
enemies (śatravaḥ)
S
serpent (bhujaṅga)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s intelligence alone is insufficient; without continual initiative and energetic action (utthāna), he becomes vulnerable and easily subdued by enemies—like a venomless snake that cannot deter attackers.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma advises the king on practical governance: he warns that habitual inactivity undermines authority and invites aggression, using a vivid simile to stress the need for constant vigilance and effort.