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Shloka 39

धर्मद्वारबहुत्वविमर्शः — Reflection on the Many ‘Doors’ of Dharma (Śānti-parva 342)

निवृत्तिलक्षणो धर्मस्तथा5< भ्युदयिको5पि च । नराणामयनं ख्यातमहमेक: सनातन:,भारत! मैं अध्यात्मयोगोंको जानता हूँ तथा मैं कौन हूँ और कहाँसे आया हूँ--इस बातका भी मुझे ज्ञान है। लौकिक अभ्युदयका साधक प्रवृत्तिधर्म ओर नि:श्रेयस प्रदान करनेवाला निवृत्तिधर्म भी मुझसे अज्ञात नहीं है। एकमात्र मैं सनातन पुरुष ही सम्पूर्ण मनुष्योंका सुविख्यात आश्रयभूत नारायण हूँ

nivṛttilakṣaṇo dharmas tathābhyudayiko 'pi ca | narāṇām ayanaṃ khyātam aham ekaḥ sanātanaḥ ||

نِورتّی کی صفت والا دھرم ہو یا دنیاوی عروج دینے والا پرورتّی دھرم—دونوں میں جانتا ہوں۔ میں ہی واحد ازلی ہستی ہوں؛ تمام انسانوں کا مشہور ملجا اور آخری ٹھکانا میں ہی ہوں۔

निवृत्ति-लक्षणःhaving withdrawal (nivṛtti) as its mark
निवृत्ति-लक्षणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिवृत्ति + लक्षण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma, duty/law
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अभ्युदयिकःleading to worldly prosperity (abhyudaya)
अभ्युदयिकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभ्युदयिक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नराणाम्of men, of humans
नराणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अयनम्refuge, resort; course/way
अयनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअयन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ख्यातम्well-known, renowned
ख्यातम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootख्यात (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त from √ख्या)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
एकःone, sole
एकः:
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सनातनःeternal
सनातनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भारतO Bhārata!
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

अर्जुन उवाच

A
Arjuna

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts two complementary orientations of dharma: nivṛtti (renunciatory discipline aimed at liberation) and abhyudaya (engaged duty aimed at worldly flourishing). It presents the ultimate ground of both as the eternal, singular refuge of beings—identified in the received tradition with Nārāyaṇa.

In the Shānti Parva’s didactic setting, a speaker identified here as Arjuna voices a theological claim of comprehensive knowledge of both paths of dharma and declares the ultimate refuge of humans to be the eternal One (understood by the accompanying tradition as Nārāyaṇa).