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Shloka 79

Śuka’s Guṇa-Transcendence and Vyāsa’s Consolation (शुकगति-वर्णनम्)

सौक्ष्म्यं सांख्यक्रमौ चोभौ निर्णय: सप्रयोजन: । पज्चैतान्यर्थजातानि वाक्यमित्युच्यते नृप,सुलभा बोली--राजन्‌! वाणी और बुद्धिको दूषित करनेवाले जो नौ-नौ दोष हैं, उनसे रहित, अठारह गुणोंसे सम्पन्न और युक्तिसंगत अर्थसे युक्त पदसमूहको वाक्य कहते हैं। उस वाक्यमें सौक्ष्म्य, सांख्य, क्रम, निर्णय और प्रयोजन-ये पाँच प्रकारके अर्थ रहने चाहिये

saukṣmyaṁ sāṅkhyakramau cobhau nirṇayaḥ saprayojanaḥ | pañcaitāny arthajātāni vākyam ity ucyate nṛpa ||

بھیشم نے کہا: اے نৃপ! ‘واکْیَ’ میں پانچ طرح کے معانی ہونے چاہییں: سَوکْشْمْیَ (باریکی)، سانکھْیَ (تحلیلی شمار)، کَرَم (ترتیب)، نِرنَیَ (قطعی فیصلہ)، اور پرَیوجن (مقصد)۔ انہی معانی سے آراستہ کلام ‘واکْیَ’ کہلاتا ہے۔

सौक्ष्म्यम्subtlety
सौक्ष्म्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसौक्ष्म्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सांख्यenumeration/numbering
सांख्य:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसांख्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
क्रमौtwo sequences/steps
क्रमौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
निर्णयःascertainment/decision
निर्णयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिर्णय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सप्रयोजनःhaving a purpose; purposeful
सप्रयोजनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस-प्रयोजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपञ्च
एतानिthese
एतानि:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अर्थजातानिclasses/kinds of meaning
अर्थजातानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्थजात
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
वाक्यम्a sentence/statement
वाक्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उच्यतेis said/called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
nṛpa (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira)

Educational Q&A

A meaningful and ethically useful statement should not be vague or aimless; it should convey (1) subtle precision, (2) analytic clarity through enumeration/classification, (3) orderly progression, (4) a definite conclusion, and (5) a practical purpose. Such speech supports right understanding and right action.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction to the king, Bhīṣma continues his didactic guidance, explaining standards for sound discourse—how speech should be structured so that it becomes a reliable vehicle for teaching dharma and policy.