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Shloka 42

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

(सूर्यमव्यक्तमित्युक्तमतिसूर्यस्तु निष्कल: । अविद्या प्रकृतिज्ञेया विद्या पुरुष उच्यते ।।

yājñavalkya uvāca |

(sūryam avyaktam ity uktam ati-sūryas tu niṣkalaḥ |

avidyā prakṛtir jñeyā vidyā puruṣa ucyate ||)

tathaivāvedyam avyaktam vedyaḥ puruṣa ucyate |

calācalam iti proktaṃ tvayā vā tad api me śṛṇu ||

یاج्ञولکْیَ نے کہا—اَویَکت تَتّو کو ‘سورج’ کہا گیا ہے، اور نِشکل و نِرگُن حقیقت کو ‘اَتی-سورج’۔ پرکرتی کو ‘اَوِدیا’ (جہالت) جانو اور پُرُش کو ‘وِدیا’ (معرفت) کہا گیا ہے۔ اسی طرح اَویَکت ‘اَویدْیَ’ (ناقابلِ معرفت) اور پُرُش ‘ویدْیَ’ (قابلِ معرفت) کہلاتا ہے۔ اور چلنے والے اور نہ چلنے والے کے بارے میں تم نے جو پوچھا ہے، اس کا جواب بھی اب سنو۔

सूर्यम्the sun (as object of saying)
सूर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अव्यक्तम्unmanifest
अव्यक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उक्तम्is said/has been said
उक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Passive (participial)
अतिसूर्यःthe 'beyond-sun' (supersun)
अतिसूर्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअतिसूर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
निष्कलःpartless, without divisions
निष्कलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्कल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अविद्याignorance
अविद्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअविद्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रकृतिःPrakriti, nature
प्रकृतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञेयाis to be known/should be understood
ज्ञेया:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formयत् (gerundive), Feminine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (obligative)
विद्याknowledge
विद्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःPurusha, spirit/person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called/is said
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Indicative, Passive, Third, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अवेद्यम्unknowable
अवेद्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवेद्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अव्यक्तम्unmanifest
अव्यक्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
वेद्यःknowable
वेद्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवेद्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःPurusha
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Indicative, Passive, Third, Singular
चलmoving
चल:
TypeAdjective
Rootचल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अचलम्unmoving
अचलम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअचल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
प्रोक्तम्has been stated
प्रोक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Passive (participial)
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
मेto me/for me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Dative/Genitive, Singular
शृणुhear (listen)
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormPresent, Imperative, Parasmaipada, Second, Singular

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
S
Sūrya (as metaphor)
P
Prakṛti
P
Puruṣa

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes two principles: Prakṛti, identified with avidyā (ignorance) and the unmanifest basis of change, and Puruṣa, identified with vidyā (knowledge) as the knowable conscious reality. It uses metaphors (‘sun’ and ‘beyond-sun’) to indicate levels of subtlety and transcendence, pointing toward liberation through right discernment.

In the Śānti Parva’s philosophical instruction, Yājñavalkya answers a questioner by defining key metaphysical categories—unmanifest nature and conscious self—and then signals that he will proceed to explain the distinction between the moving and the unmoving.