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Shloka 49

Adhyāya 302: Guṇa-vicāra, Gati-bheda, and the Imperishable State

Yājñavalkya–Janaka

एवमव्यक्तविषयं क्षरमाहुर्मनीषिण: । पज्चविंशतिमो यो<यं ज्ञानादेव प्रवर्तते,इस प्रकार ज्ञानी पुरुष प्रकृतिसे उत्पन्न हुए पदार्थोंको क्षर कहते हैं। उपर्युका चौबीस तत्त्वोंसे भिन्न जो पचीसवाँ तत्त्व--परमपुरुष परमात्मा बताया गया है, वही अक्षर है। उसकी प्राप्ति ज्ञानसे ही होती है

evam avyaktaviṣayaṁ kṣaram āhur manīṣiṇaḥ | pañcaviṁśatimo yo 'yaṁ jñānād eva pravartate ||

وسِشٹھ نے کہا—جس کا میدان اور بنیاد اَویَکت پرکرتی ہے، دانا لوگ اسے ‘کْشَر’ (فانی) کہتے ہیں۔ مگر جو چوبیس تَتّووں سے جدا پچیسواں اصول—پرَم پُرُش، پرَماتما—ہے، وہی ‘اَکْشَر’ (لافانی) ہے۔ اس تک رسائی صرف سچے گیان (معرفت) سے ہوتی ہے۔

एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
अव्यक्त-विषयम्having the unmanifest as its object/domain
अव्यक्त-विषयम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्तविषय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
क्षरम्the perishable (principle/entity)
क्षरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey have said/call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
मनीषिणःthe wise (sages)
मनीषिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनीषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पञ्चविंशतिमःthe twenty-fifth
पञ्चविंशतिमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चविंशतिम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho/which
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञानात्from/through knowledge
ज्ञानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
प्रवर्ततेproceeds/comes forth/operates
प्रवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

वसिष्ठ उवाच

वसिष्ठ (Vasiṣṭha)
अव्यक्त (Avyakta / Prakṛti)
परमपुरुष (Paramapuruṣa)
परमात्मा (Paramātman)

Educational Q&A

All phenomena grounded in the Unmanifest (prakṛti) are ‘kṣara’—perishable and changing. Beyond the twenty-four principles stands the twenty-fifth, the Supreme Self (Paramapuruṣa/Paramātman), called ‘akṣara’—imperishable. Realization of this imperishable principle is attained only through jñāna (discriminative knowledge).

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation and right understanding, Vasiṣṭha explains a Sāṅkhya-style distinction between the perishable field of prakṛti and its evolutes versus the imperishable supreme Self, emphasizing knowledge as the means to attain the highest reality.